Background: Assessment of ureteric size is imperative for diagnosis of urinary tract abnormalities especially with regard to obstructive pathologies. The ureteric opacification and distension obtained from contrast-enhanced computed tomography allows for differentiation from surrounding soft tissue and better assessment of ureteric diameter. Abdominal computed tomographic scans are commonly requested for the evaluation of the urinary tract, and we therefore aim to establish a normal reference value of the ureteral diameter using contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans of the abdomen. Method: With the purpose of establishing our local normogram of ureteric diameter, we did a retrospective study of archived images of 170 patients referred to the radiology department of a tertiary hospital for contrast-enhanced abdominal CT from January 2016 to June 2018. The largest transverse dimension along the course of the ureter beginning 1-2 cm below the ureteropelvic junction was measured at the delayed phase and obtained data subjected to analysis using SAS software version 9.3 with statistical level of significance set at 0.05. Result: A total number of 340 ureters in 170 patients were analyzed with the mean age of 47.9 years (range 1.0-94.0 years) and male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. The mean left ureteric diameter of all patients was 4.3 mm (range 1.7-8.0 mm) while the mean right ureteric diameter of all patients was 4.4 mm (range 1.5-8.0 mm). Ninety-five percent of ureters in our study measured 6.9 mm and less with no significant difference in ureteric sizes across gender and ages. Conclusion: The mean CT normogram for ureteric caliber is 4.3-4.4 mm with no significant age and gender difference and 7 mm proposed as upper limit of normal.

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Background: Hysterosalpingography HSG provides the outline of the endometrial canal and fallopian tubes and is an invaluable imaging modality in the investigative management of infertility especially in resource challenged environments. The objective of the study was to review the hysterosalpingographic (HSG) findings in women investigated for infertility in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital.Methods: This is a descriptive review of retrospective radiologic reports of 219 patients who underwent HSG as part of infertility investigation over a three-year period (2013-2015) in University of Abuja teaching Hospital.Results: A total of 219 reports were reviewed with age range of 20-53years (mean 33.9 ±5.7 2SD) years. Majority were between the ages of 26-37 years (n=102, 33.6%). Secondary infertility was the indication in 172 (78.5%) and primary infertility in 47 (21.5%). Majority of the women (n=149, 68%) had hysterosalpingographic abnormalities with Tuboperitoneal pathology as the prevalent finding in 112 (75.2%) of the cases either as a single pathology or coexisting with intrauterine abnormality. The most common endometrial cavity abnormality was uterine Fibroid seen in 53, (35.6%) women.Conclusions: Hysterosalpingography remains very important in the investigation of infertility in our center with tuboperitoneal pathology as the major contributor to female infertility.

BackgroundWaist-height ratio (WHtR) is increasingly being studied as a simple and effective measure of central obesity. Reports have shown that WHtR is a better predictor of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases when compared to traditional obesity indices like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR). This study is therefore aimed at comparing WHtR with other obesity indices in the prediction of peripheral neuropathy in persons with diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodologyOne thousand and forty persons with DM were enrolled following consent. Relevant details of history were obtained, followed by physical examinations. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 23. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds ratio of obesity indices in the prediction of peripheral neuropathy. The level of significance used was p = 0.05.ResultsLogistic regression showed that WHtR had the highest odds ratio (OR) for the prediction of “probable” diabetic peripheral neuropathy (OR 9.11, 95% CI 3.07–47.97, p = 0.002), followed by WC (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.09–4.05, p = 0.004), and BMI (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.00–3.99, p = 0.019) after correction for age; systemic hypertension; duration of DM; control of SBP, DBP, HbA1c, FPG, and 2HrPP.ConclusionWHtR has the highest odds ratio in the prediction of “probable” diabetic peripheral neuropathy in both genders, followed by WC in the males and BMI in the females.

Introduction: Diverticular disease is said to be complicated when the acute inflammation of a diverticulum leads to perforation, bleeding, formation of abscesses, bowel wall strictures or obstruction. The vague clinical presentation and rarity of complications in our environment contributes largely to misdiagnosis of the condition. Case Report: This report is the case of a 50-year-old male who presented multiple times to the general outpatient department of a teaching hospital in North Central Nigeria with insidious onset of malaise, intermittent fever, progressive weight loss ,left flank pain and swelling, low back and waist pain radiating to the leg .Different misleading diagnoses were made within the period .The final definitive diagnosis of complicated Diverticulitis with distant lumbar Spondylodiscitis and bilateral psoas abscess with epidural extension was made with Computer tomography, CT. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the challenge of early diagnosis of Diverticular disease and highlights the need for vigilance on the path of physicians to recognize signs and symptoms of diverticulitis with the aim of preventing its complications. There is also need for early and appropriate imaging.