The article contains the results of differentiated clinical psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and laboratory (estimation techniques for unspecific adaptational blood reactions using lymphocyte levels parameters (Garkavi., et al.) research of adaptational abilities of boarders of social protection institutions (SPI). The obtained results reveal the polymorphism of clinical, social and psychological signs of maladaptation in this population that can be explained by peculiarities of premorbid traumatic experience (mostly violation), duration and impact degree of traumatic factor, condition of functional systems, individual characteristics of the child. Some factors appear to be particularly significant. These are conditions of the child's development, presence/absence of psychological support factor, presence/absence of social environment that "teaches" an aggressive and hostile behavior. The authors have come to the conclusion that the integrated approach to assessing adaptational abilities in this population is highly important and it can be used by pediatricians, family doctors and psychiatrists when developing individual psychocorrective strategies to be implemented at a social protection institution.The study of consequences of child's traumas has recently become interdisciplinary. The battered child syndrome was firstly identified as an individual group of child abuse consequences in 1962 by American pediatrician C. Henry Kempe, who spoke mostly about physical cruelty [28]. Some years later the definition was expanded to include physical cruelty, sexual abuse, emotional cruelty, kinds of neglect (deprivation of food, clothes, education and medical care denial) [1].