The correlation of Lee and Kesler for thermodynamic properties of normal fluids is applied to mixtures. Vaporliquid equilibria at high pressures are calculated using a one-fluid theory with a new mixing rule for the pseudocritical temperature; this mixing rule appears to be applicable also to those mixtures whose components differ appreciably in molecular size. The calculational procedure, using analytical functions, is completely computerized; computer programs are available. Input data are pure-component critical properties and acentric factors plus one binary constant for each binary pair. These constants are tabulated for a large number of binary systems containing light gases (including hydrogen), carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrocarbons ranging from methane to decane. Illustrative calculations indicate that the procedure described here provides good estimates of K factors, enthalpies, and other thermodynamic properties required in engineering process design.

A P , d Partikel-Euler-Zahl Eu, = _ _ _ _ -PF7JU:! AL Fr = v ! m Froude-Zahl mit der Partikelsinkgeschwindigkeit gebildete Froude-Zahl Fr:" = w f / FrP = -,/-Partikel-Froude-Zahl mit der Sinkgeschwindigkeit gebildete wt Frg = -___ q($ -1) d g Partikel-Froude-Zahl 0,:j 91. ,'" Pa =-v-0 F PartikelstoR-Zahl Re = lvr,.11d/~~ Partikel-Reynolds-Zahl mit der mittleren Relativgeschwindig-Re = w , ,,[ d/r, keir der Partikel gebildete Reynolds-Zahl ReIl = v D / v Rohr-Reynolds-Zahl -W WandstoR-Zahl 2 AP, D eF 02 AL Rohrreibungsbeiwert des Fluids Widerstandsbeiwert fur den Zusatzdruckverlust bei der pneumatischen 2

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Production of amino acid by biotechnological methods. Amino‐acids are needed for human and animal nutrition, pharmacy, cosmetics, agriculture, and industry. Particular interest focusses on the production of protein‐forming ß‐amino acids. Among the four methods of industrial production – chemical synthesis, extraction, enzymatic synthesis, and fermentation – the biotechnological process is attracting increasing attention. A joint development programme of KFA Jülich and GBF Braunschweig led to development of the enzyme membrane reactor (EMR) at Degussa. This reactor performs enzyme‐catalysed racemate resolution to produce L‐amino acids on a laboratory and pilot scale. The concept has meanwhile been successfully implemented in production and can be used for other applications too. Fermentation processes are being tested for more complex reaction mechanisms.

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