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Insects in the subfamily Ischnorhininae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae), known as spittlebugs or froghoppers, are mainly distributed in the Neotropical region. A few genera include pest species of economic relevance, including Prosapia Fennah, 1949. Two new species from Mexico and Costa Rica are now described for this genus, and a key to species is proposed for the P. inferens (Walker, 1858) species group.
The Cercopidae family constitute the largest group of xylem sap-sucking insects. Several species are important pests of sugar cane and grasses. In America there are 460 species and 65 subspecies in 60 genera. In Mexico, the total number of species is unknown and there is no inventory of specimens in the collections or taxonomic keys. In the present research, we study entomological collections to trace the distribution of genera and species and constructed taxonomic keys for their identification, based on external morphology and male genitalia. The Cercopidae of the country included 3 recognized tribes, Neaenini Fennah, 1968, Ischnorhinini Schmidt, 1920 and Tomaspidini Schmidt, 1922, in addition to the recently proposed Microsarganini Hamilton, 2016. We reported 39 described species, 1 subspecies and 1 undescribed, belonging to 10 genera. The most diverse genera were Ocoaxo Fennah with 16 species and Prosapia Fennah with 8. Aeneolamia Fennah includes 3 species and 1 subspecies, Iphirhina Fennah and Neaenus Fowler 3 species each, Microsargane Fowler and Olcotomaspis Lallemand 2 species each, and Mahanarva Distant, Huaina Fennah and Zulia Fennah 1 species each. This is the first complete compilation of the Cercopidae recorded for Mexico.
Aeneolamia varia se registró en cultivos de caña en el Valle del Cauca entre 2007 y 2008 y sus infestaciones se extendieron a 25.000 ha, amenazando así la industria azucarera y panelera. Debido a esta situación, se inició una investigación con nematodos entomopatógenos, para evaluarlos en el control de esta plaga. Se evaluaron las especies Steinernema colombiense, Steinernema websteri, Steinernema sp.1, Steinernema sp.2, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora y una especie de Steinernema codificada como O1R1, en dosis de 100 y 1.500 juveniles infectivos (JI)/cm2 de área asperjada, sobre estadios ninfales de A. varia en plántulas de caña de azúcar en invernadero. El estado adulto se evaluó bajo condiciones de laboratorio empleando 100 JI/cm2 y los sistemas de bioensayo en cajas Petri y cilindros. El tercer estadio ninfal fue el menos susceptible y el cuarto fue el más susceptible a H. bacteriophora, presentando mortalidad de 89,1% con 100 JI/cm2. El estado adulto tuvo una mortalidad de 100% con todas las especies de nematodos evaluadas en el bioensayo en cajas Petri, mientras que en los cilindros la mortalidad varió entre 40 y 54%. El experimento para evaluar la habilidad de las especies de nematodos, para buscar el hospedero A. varia, reveló que todas son capaces de encontrar sus ninfas, pero H. bacteriophora y Steinernema sp.1 fueron las más eficaces causando mortalidades del 46% y 30%, respectivamente.
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