In the production process of photovoltaic modules, there are defects of bad welding, defects in the raw material, degradation by environmental factors, as well as bad handling of the material or lack of maintenance, affecting the quality of the product. The omission of control of the temperature in the welding process causes the defect called cut fingers, which consists of the rupture presented by the collectors of the cell. The present research focused on studying the factors that influence the welding process for the generation of cut fingers, emphasizing the temperature measurement during the welding process. The methodology used consisted of describing the materials involved in the welding process and monitoring the temperature in the welding machine, as well as the ambient temperature. Some cells without solder were found. The temperature variation in the welding heads ranged from -14.9 to -121 ° C. With this study it is concluded that the temperature of the welding heads should continue to be monitored, since the variation is out of specification, the pH of the fluss must be verified, and the periodicity of its distillation must be determined to purify it and be able to reuse it.

Currently the generation of electricity is carried out, mainly, from the combustion of fossil fuels; which contributes to the emission of pollutants such as SOx, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOC) that affect air quality. Solar energy is an alternative for the generation of clean energy through the use of solar panels, which convert the energy they receive from sunlight into electrical energy for human use. It is cheaper and more viable, since the sun is readily available. Solar panels are built from an element called silicon, which is involved in the process of creating electrical energy. The objective of this study was to characterize the resistance to degradation of solar panels exposed to the damp heat test using the IEC 61646 Standard. The results obtained contribute to the quality assurance of the solar panel manufacturing process, which is of vital importance. and knowledge of their useful life.

In the hot galvanizing process, remnants are produced that must be removed to avoid a poor quality in the coating of the product. During the hot dip galvanizing process, by-products are obtained both in the tubs and in galvanizing pails, which can be reused. The objective of this study was to recover Zinc from the by- products generated during the hot dip galvanizing process. The study was carried out by characterizing the chemical composition, density, and quantity of the by-products generated during the galvanizing process, which were recovered: Zinc, dross, droplet, and Zinc fines. The monthly average of the by- products generated for one year was 6,900 kg of dross, 5,800 kg of drop and 5,300 kg of zinc fines. 6500 kg of recovered Zinc were obtained. 43% Zinc was recovered. The results were favorable to be able to carry out the recovery of the mineral. It is concluded that it is necessary to work on the recovery of Zinc, since there will be economic savings, and it will also collaborate with the care of the environment by preventing Zinc residues from going to wastewater.

The gel content is a test that tests the resistance of the material of the module encapsulation layer, ensuring that the current conduction pathways of the cells are hermetically isolated from the inclement weather. In order to guarantee a good lamination of a photovoltaic module and therefore, a long service life of the same it is necessary that the degree of curing of the encapsulant be find between 65% - 90%. The objective of this work was to study the gel content of the EVA, after rolling. The gel content was determined using the EVASA supplier test method, taking EVA samples, after the lamination process of the photovoltaic modules. The results obtained were 73 to 96%. It is concluded that the gel content is a parameter that serves to guarantee the lamination process, since in the curing process chemical bonds are formed transversely between the long molecules of the EVA, which are weakly bound together before the reaction . The percentages of gel content, mean the percentage of EVA in which said reaction took place.

Global warming and climate change coincide in their main causes, the massive emission of greenhouse gases, which retain heat in the atmosphere and on the earth's surface through the so-called greenhouse effect. The generation of electricity by means of fossil fuels is an important emitter of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O), and halogenated compounds containing F, Cl, and Br. With the purpose of contributing to the construction of viable solutions to the current energy situation of the country and in the foundation of a sustainable future, the use of solar energy for the generation of electricity by means of solar panels represents an option. The purpose of this study is to describe and control the solar cell protection material Ethylene-Vinyl-Acetate (EVA), as a contribution to the Quality Assurance of solar panels, since the function of this material is essential for the protection of solar cells, which are a vital part of the solar panel. The tests performed were: Gel content, adhesion test, and durability tests. The results obtained were within specification according to IEC 61215. From this work it is concluded that it is important to continue testing the whole process and components of the solar panels in order to guarantee the useful life of the finished product, as well as to contribute to sustainable development.