Effects of environmental factors over aquatic hemimetabola and Coleoptera diversity in the Xichu's basin, Guanajuato, México. Lotic systems, in particular temporal streams, represent an important proportion of continental waters, but are poorly studied. This is particularly clear in central Mexico, where temporal streams are abundant and remain poor studied despite their great potential for high diversity and the important energy within these ecosystems. The aim of this study was to analyze the environmental variables and scales at which these variables have effects on aquatic insect assemblages in a semiarid fluvial system in Central Mexico. A total of 89 genera were registered, the order Coleoptera showing the highest richness. Peak values for alpha diversity were found on permanent sites in the dry season ( 1 D=10.63), the more stable environment in permanent streams during the dry season might accounted for this pattern. Assemblages at our study sites showed low similarity (I j < 0.45) indicating high genera replacement among sites, possibly related to differences in hydroperiod. Partition analysis indicates that variation in genera composition among rivers contributed a large proportion of the diversity (37%). Results from the canonical correspondence analysis point to mesohabitat, velocity, ecological quality, and hydrological order, as the most important variables explaining diversity patterns. In addition, hydrological condition and intermittency were important factors related to diversity (~21-22%). The results suggest that permanent sites function has species sources for intermittent sites, highlighting the need for conservation planning at the landscape level in the Xichu's basin. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 2): 69-80. Epub 2014 April 01.
El oso negro (Ursus americanus) redujo significativamente su área de distribución en México en el siglo XX. En los últimos años, sin embargo, hay evidencia de su presencia en áreas fuera del rango de distribución propuesto. El objetivo es documentar un conjunto de registros nuevos de oso negro para los estados de Guanajuato, Querétaro y San Luis Potosí en el centro-este de México. Se detectaron osos negros como resultado de acciones de monitoreo que incluyeron cámaras trampa, avistamientos y observación indirecta (huellas y eventos de depredación), realizados entre los años 2000 y 2019. Detectamos la presencia de oso negro a través de seis registros en los estados de Guanajuato, Querétaro y San Luis Potosí, en un área cercana a la distribución más sureña para esta especie en el Continente Americano. Cinco de las observaciones ocurrieron dentro de áreas naturales protegidas. Las observaciones aumentan el número de especies de mamíferos registrados en el estado de Guanajuato a 95 y confirman la presencia del oso negro en los estados de Querétaro y San Luis Potosí. Las observaciones proveen evidencia que respalda la hipótesis de que las poblaciones de oso negro del noreste de México se mueven hacia el centro-este de México a través de la Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO). La presencia de oso negro en el centro-este de México señala la necesidad de intensificar el monitoreo sistemático de la biodiversidad en la SMO y en áreas protegidas de la región a través de programas de monitoreo y conservación.
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