Objectives. This study is aimed at studying the prevalence and characteristics of different types of headaches in patients with Crohn's disease. Materials and Methods. 51 patients in Crohn's disease group (F/M: 26/25) and 51 patients in control group (F/M: 27/24) were involved. Patients in Crohn's disease group were diagnosed and monitored according to European Crohn's and Colitis Organization diagnostic criteria. The control group composed of healthy subjects with similar age and sex to Crohn's disease group. Headache was classified using the International Headache Society II criteria. Results. Headache was reported by 35/51 (68.6%) patients in Crohn's disease group and 21/51 (41.2%) patients in the control group. The prevalence of headache was statistically high in the group with Crohn's disease (OR: 3.125 (95% CI: 1.38–7.04); p = 0.01). Comparing two groups with respect to their subtypes of headaches resulted in that the tension-type headache was statistically (p = 0.008) higher in Crohn's disease group (26/51) than in the control group (12/51). However, no significant difference was found in the migraine-type headache (p = 1). Conclusions. This study indicates that the prevalence of headache is high in patients with Crohn's disease and most commonly associated with the tension-type headache.

Our study indicated that CD was associated with EEG abnormalities rather than seizure. The results also indicated that EEG was a potential indicator for detecting subclinical neurological abnormalities in CD.

Dear Editor, Dissection is defined as the leakage of blood from an intravascular compartment into the vessel wall. Craniocervical dissections are a major cause of stroke, particularly among young adults. Mortality and morbidity rates vary based on the dissected vessel and dissection location. Although mortality rates for extracranial carotid and vertebral artery dissections are reported to be between 5% and 10%, mortality rates increase to above 70% for intracranial carotid and basilar artery dissections (1).Sildenafil has been commonly used for treating erectile dysfunction since 1998. This study presents a case in which anterior cerebral artery (ACA) dissection occurred after the recent use of sildenafil.A 45-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department with headache and left-sided weakness. He had a medical history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, but he was not regularly using any recommended medicine. He had been using sildenafil once or twice a month for the last year for sexual enhancement. He took 100 mg sildenafil 2 h before his complaints had started. He did not have sexual intercourse or trauma before symptom onset. He was a non-smoker. Moreover, he did not have a family history of vascular disease and stroke. At the emergency room, his blood pressure was 160/90 mmHg, and he suffered from a throbbing, persistent headache at the front of his head. He was conscious and oriented. A neurological examination revealed only left-sided hemiplegia. Cranial computed tomography (CT) (Optima CT 660; GE Healthcare, Fairfield, USA) showed hypodensity in the right ACA territory and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the interhemispheric fissure and convexity sulci (Figure 1). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (Optima MR 450w 1.5 Tesla; GE Healthcare, Fairfield, USA) showed a right ACA acute infarct (Figure 2). Doppler ultrasonography imaging of the carotid and vertebral arteries was normal. Cerebral angiography revealed a dissection at the right ACA between the A1 and A2 segments (Figure 3). Antiplatelet (300 mg/day acetylsalicylic acid) (Coraspin; Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) and prophylactic antiepileptic (1000 mg/day levetiracetam) (Keppra; UCB, Brussels, Belgium) medication were administered. The high blood glucose level and mildly elevated blood pressure decreased to normal levels with the medication. There was no change in the patient' s level of consciousness. His neurological examination showed stable results. Repeat cranial CT revealed almost full absorption of blood at the subarachnoid space. His physical examination did not indicate any collagen tissue disease symptom. Clinical and laboratory analyses did not reveal any sign of systemic infection. According to his cerebral angiography findings, there was no evidence of cerebral vasculitis or fibromuscular dysplasia. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-ds DNA), anticardiolipin, anti-Ro, anti-La, and anti-Scl antibodies were within normal limits. The patient did not have migraine-type headache, and his homocysteine level wa...

INTRODUCTION: In this study, stroke etiology, risk factors and post-stroke short-term prognosis of patients with recurrent ischemic stroke (RIS) were compared in terms of their gender. METHODS: A comprehensive assessment of medical records of 18 patients who were hospitalized in the was performed. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, stroke severity in the first 24 hours, stroke etiology and short-term disabilities were compared in terms of gender. The stroke severity was determined by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and short-term disability was determined by using the Rankin Disability Scale (mRS) on the 7th day after stroke. 'Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment' (TOAST) classification was used for the etiology of ischemic stroke. RESULTS: Five patients with RIS (28%) were female and thirteen patients with RIS (72%) were male. Hypertension was the common risk factor in both genders (78%). No statistically significant difference was found between genders in terms of risk factors and short-term disability (p> 0.05). Cardioembolic stroke was common subtype in female patients whereas largeartery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke was common subtype in male patients (p <0.05). DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION: This study showed that RIS is more common for male than female. Most patients with RIS had more than one risk factor. This suggested that optimal control of vascular risk factors after the first stroke might have an important role in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.