Substituted phenols were anodically coupled to the corresponding 2,2'-biphenols via tetraphenoxy borate derivatives. This electrochemical method is particularly useful for methyl-substituted substrates, such as 2,4-dimethyl phenol. The selective ortho-coupling reaction can be easily performed on a multikilogram scale.
Tetraphenoxyborates are reliably prepared in a two-step sequence, exploiting less corrosive reagents like boric acid and the corresponding phenols. The broad scope of this transformation is demonstrated in 22 examples. Several solid-state structures reveal the preferential conformation of the phenoxy moieties allowing cation interaction. Furthermore, a
The synthesis and biological evaluation of two ortho-carborane derivatives which contain a 5,6,7-trimethoxyindole (TMI) unit for use in boron neutron capture therapy is described. The TMI moiety is known to be the DNA-binding part of the highly potent anticancer agent duocarmycin A. The ortho-carborane derivatives were prepared from amino alkynes which were bound to a protected TMI carboxylic acid. Addition of decaborane(14) to the alkyne triple bond with subsequent removal of the tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) and benzyl protecting groups gave the desired product. Boron uptake from the ortho-carborane derivatives into B-16 melanoma cells was higher and faster than that observed with L-p-boronophenylalanine (BPA), which is in use in the clinic.
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