SUMMARYFor hyperelastic shells with ÿnite rotations and large strains a p-ÿnite element formulation is presented accommodating general kinematic assumptions, interpolation polynomials and particularly general threedimensional hyperelastic constitutive laws. This goal is achieved by hierarchical, high-order shell models. The tangent sti ness matrices for the hierarchical shell models are derived by computer algebra. Both non-hierarchical, nodal as well as hierarchical element shape functions are admissible. Numerical experiments show the high-order formulation to be less prone to locking e ects.

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