Hypercalciuria is of continuing interest as one of the risk factors for stone disease in children, but the definition, incidence and pathogenesis are controversial. Therefore reference values for the urinary calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) ratios were established in 564 healthy children aged 6-17.9 years during the fasting state (09.00 h) and in 236 of them also in the post-absorptive state about 2 h after lunch (14.00-16.00 h). The Ca/Cr ratios in both urine specimens were independent of age and sex, rendering it possible to determine a common normal range and to calculate centiles for Ca excretion in a large sample of healthy children and adolescents. To provide information about the incidence of hypercalciuria the Ca/Cr ratios of 1013 other apparently healthy children aged 6-17.9 years were measured during the post-absorptive state on two consecutive days. In 39 (3.8%) of them, 21 girls, and 18 boys, the Ca excretion was elevated in both urine specimens. Thirty-six of these children, all presenting without renal complaints, underwent further investigations to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the hypercalciuria. On the basis of the Ca/Cr concentration during the fasting state and the calciuric response to a standardised oral Ca tolerance test the children were subclassified into three groups: (1) Absorptive hypercalciuria (AH, n = 12): Increased calciuric response to the Ca load, but normal fasting Ca/Cr; (2) Renal hypercalciuria (RH, n = 8): Increased Ca/Cr after Ca load and during the fasting state; (3) Normal Ca excretion during the fasting state and after the Ca tolerance test, but increased sodium excretion (dietary hypercalciuria, DH, n = 16).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In addition to the well-documented hyporesponsiveness of the kidney, resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been postulated for bone in pseudohypoparathyroidism type I (PHP). In some of these patients reduced bone density and even frank osteitis fibrosa suggest osteoclastic overactivity. To address the possibility that the skeletal system of patients with PHP may be affected by their increased PTH secretion we measured intact serum PTH and three biochemical markers of bone turnover in a large number of patients with PHP (n = 20). The results were compared with subjects with low (hypoparathyroidism, HP n = 29), normal (controls, n = 31) and high (primary hyperparathyroidism, 1 degree HPT, n = 13) PTH secretion. Both markers of osteoblastic bone formation, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin concentration in serum, and one index of osteoclastic bone degradation, the urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (OH-P/Cr), were decreased in HP and increased in 1 degree HPT, whereas only OH-P/Cr was elevated in patients with PHP. Although intact serum PTH was significantly more increased in PHP than in 1 degree HPT, the markers of bone turnover were not significantly different in these two groups, suggesting some bone resistance in the patients with PHP. In these subjects intact serum PTH was elevated even at normocalcaemia during vitamin D treatment with a negative correlation with the respective serum calcium concentration (r = -0.69, P less than 0.001), indicating an elevated set-point for the suppression of their parathyroid glands. OH-P/Cr was negatively related to serum calcium in PHP, it normalized in most patients during normocalcaemia induced by vitamin D treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Frühneuzeitliche Vorstellungen über die Natur sind ideengeschichtlich gut untersucht. Bisher nicht untersucht ist die Ausprägung dieser Vorstellungen in Texten zu haus-und landwirtschaftlichen Themen. Aufgrund der Ausrichtung auf den Umgang mit den Dingen in der Natur lässt sich aus diesen Werken jedoch ablesen, welche im Gelehrtendiskurs verbreiteten Naturvorstellungen Eingang in den für das alltägliche praktische Handeln relevanten Interdiskurs fanden.Solche Hausväterliteratur oder auch Ökonomiken (16.-18. Jahrhundert) sowie bestimmte volksaufklärerische Schriften (hier um 1800) richteten sich sachliterarisch an ein breites Laienpublikum und vermittelten ihre Inhalte leichtverständlich und praxisorientiert. Hausväterliteratur ist barocke Anleitungsliteratur für gebildete (adlige) Besitzer von Landgütern und verbindet die praktische Anleitung zur Landwirtschaft mit religiös fundierten moralischen Unterweisungen. Sie bietet dem Leser "normativ, pragmatisch und handlungsanleitend einen Orientierungsrahmen in Bezug auf seine eigene adelige Lebenswelt" 1 und spricht über Haus-und Landwirtschaft unter dem Aspekt der Überschusserzeugung für den Einzelnen und zum Nutzen des Gemeinwohls. Anleitende volksaufklärerische Schriften richten sich aufklärerisch an Gebildete und das ‚Volk'. 2 Auch sie verbinden an Überschussproduktion orientierte, praktische Anleitung mit religiös-moralischer Unterweisung.Beide Arten von Quellen wurden über einen langen Zeitraum und ohne Überlieferungsunterbrechung von sehr unterschiedlichen Lesergruppen rezipiert, weshalb die in ihnen enthaltenen Naturvorstellungen in das Denken der Menschen in der Frühen Neuzeit, über den Kreis der Gelehrten hinaus, breiten Eingang fanden. Als erfolgreiche Profantexte etablierten sie ein "System der Selbstverständlichkeit" 3 über das Sein und Sollen in der Natur und über das Einwirken des Menschen auf die Natur, das bis heute nachwirktbesonders bezogen auf die ökonomische Bedeutung von Dingen in und aus der Natur. Dafür greifen sie auf
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.