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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors of aphthous ulceration (AU) among dental students. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar in March 2021 among dental students of all four professional years. It was a questionnaire-based study. Questionnaire comprised of demographics and questions about aphthous positivity, risk factors. Risk factors were stress, family history, menstruation (hormonal changes), food allergy, gastrointestinal diseases and medication. Most questions were closed ended. Hospital Anxiety, and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Total of 245 dental students responded to questionnaire. Out of 245 dental students, 117 (47.8%) gave a positive history of AU. Mean age in AU positive subjects was 23±1.5 years. AU was seen in males (48.7%) and females (51.3%) with no association between them. Among risk factors, 69 (28.2%) had positive family history, 93 (38%) had stress and 8 (3.3%) reported menstruation. Present study included spice (3.7%), fast food (0.4%), sweets (0.4%), dry fruit (0.4%) and walnut (0.4%) as food allergies related to AU. Only 13 (5.3%) reported a gastrointestinal disease. Medication like NSAIDS and antihypertensive were not involved in any AU case. Anxiety and depression was present in 65% and 38.5% with AU positivity. CONCLUSION: Stress was the most common risk factor and positive family history turned out to be the second common risk factor for AU among dental students.

Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained worldwide acceptance in the field of dentistry, because it provides definite images in the form of slices of single roots which can accurately measure the crown and root lengths of all the teeth including premolars. Crown and root lengths have its applications in surgical extrusion and crown lengthening in cases of tooth wear. Aim: To document the frequency of crown-root ratio (using CBCT images) in longitudinal section of the premolar teeth. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Khyber College of Dentistry and Hospital, Peshawar and Department of Radiology, Sardar Begum Dental College and Hospital Peshawar from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. Methodology: One hundred and thirty five patients of both the genders were selected by obtaining there CBCT images. A written informed consent was taken from the patients or their attendants through concerned dentist who advised CBCT. Data of crown root ratio of premolar teeth were recorded in the form of categorical variables (crown and root length). Results: The mean age was 29.64±4.47 years. The highest frequency of patients was of 28(14.8%) years and 29(17%) years. There were 87(64.4%) males while 48(35.5%) females. Conclusion: There is significant difference of crown root ratio between the premolars of maxilla and mandible and the right and left quadrants of both arches. Key words: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), crown-to-root ratio (CRR), Premolar

Aim: To evaluate prevalence and knowledge about halitosis among the patients visiting orthodontic department after application of Orthodontics appliances. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Orthodontics, Bacha Khan College of Dentistry, Mardan from 1st October 2020 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: A questionnaire based study was carried out on a total of 700 orthodontic patients. Only those patients were included who had orthodontic appliances. Results: 52.30% of the respondents were having prevalence of bad breath. Among those who had prevalence of bad breath, approximately two third (73%) were self-aware of their bad breath. 530 (75.71%) were conscious that they should appointment a dentist while majority were uninformed of the medical term for bad breath i.e. meaning of Halitosis 470 (67.15%). Conclusion: The frequency of halitosis amongst the patients was found to be 52.30%. Keywords: Halitosis, Oral Hygiene, Awareness, Oral health status, Oral malodor