The dyeing process commonly deteriorates the luster of pre-mercerized cotton fabric, so post-mercerization processes are regularly applied to compensate for this. Herein, the influence of combining pre-mercerization with CS (caustic solution) or LA (liquid ammonia) and post-mercerization with CS or LA on the morphological structure, dyeing performance, tensile strength, and stiffness of woven cotton fabric was investigated. The crystallinity index values greatly decreased from 73.12 to 51.25, 58.73, 38.42, and 40.90% after the combined mercerization processes of LA–LA, CS–CS, LA–CS, and CS–LA, respectively. Additionally, the CS–LA- and LA–CS-treated samples exhibited a mixture of cellulose II and cellulose III allomorphs. The combined mercerization processing of cotton fabric resulted in slightly worse thermal stability. The LA and CS pre-mercerization processes increased the dye exhaustion, although the former decreased the dye fixation rate while the latter increased it by 4% for both dyes. The color strength of the dyed cotton fabric increased after both post-mercerization processes. Moreover, the fabric stiffness and mechanical properties showed an increasing trend due to the combined mercerization efforts.

Abstract. Reactive dyes are the perfect choice for dyeing of cellulosic fibers due to produce a wide gamut of bright colors with excellent color fastness, however environmental pollution is increasing in recent days seeing that of making use of inorganic salt and alkali. This paper offers a new avenue for eco-friendly dyeing of linen fiber by incorporating biodegradable alkaline organic salts in presence of three commercial reactive dyes and amongst them organic salt i.e. disodium maleate showed superior result in terms of color strength (K/S), dye exhaustion (%), color fastness, tensile strength and crease recovery angle parameters that were evaluated by traditional technique.

Abstract. In this research, a novel approach has been proposed to remove stain problem from blended fabrics as an alternative option with traditional reduction clearing process. For this purpose, cationic dyeable polyester and cotton blended fabrics were dyed as traditional technique based on formulations approach and the colour strength (K/S), dye uptake (%) and the whiteness index properties were evaluated. The results of color strength indicated that dye was more uniformly absorbed by the blended fabric compared to the untreated fabric. In addition, when untreated fabric was dyed in the presence of a leveling agent (Lyogen DFTN), the K/S and levelness of dye uptake (%) values were enhanced. Finally, very less staining was observed that proved by CIE Whiteness Index values and indicates that formulation (F-IV) has more beneficial to reduce staining from Cotton/CDPET blended fabric (65/35).