BackgroundThe aim of this study was two-fold; (1) to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of impacted canines and transmigrated canine teeth, and (2) to evaluate the possible relationships between impacted teeth, malocclusions and systemic conditions in an orthodontic patient population.MethodsThe clinical records and panoramic radiographs of 453 patients [201 (44.3%) male and 252 (55.7%) female] referred to our outpatient clinic between January 2008 and January 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The number, position, localization (right/left) and transmigration of teeth, as well as sex, age and systemic conditions of patients, were noted. An impacted canine was considered to be transmigrated when at least part of its length had crossed the midline. Complications related to impacted teeth (pain, cystic changes, root resorption or eruption disturbance of adjacent teeth) were also noted. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsImpacted and transmigrated canine teeth were found in 16 (3.53%) and two (0.44%) patients in the study group, respectively. Root resorption was seen in four teeth adjacent to impacted canines. No statistical difference was found among gender, location, malocclusion and impaction of the teeth (p > 0.05). However, maxillary canine impaction occurred significantly more frequently than mandibular canine impaction (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe early detection of impacted as well as transmigrated teeth is crucial for successful treatment, therefore demographic studies are important. Although larger samples are required, this study provides a baseline regarding the frequency and type of impacted canines in this particular population.

The aim of this retrospective study was to review, analyse and characterize the root canal morphology of maxillary molars, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), in a group of the Turkish Cypriot population. The sample for this cross-sectional study consisted of retrospective evaluation of CBCT scans of 290 adult patients (age range 16À80). The number of roots and their morphology, the number of canals per tooth and the root canal configurations were also classified according to the method of Vertucci. Pearson's chi-square test was performed for canal configurations, sides and gender (p < 0.05). Among the 373 first molars, there was no single-rooted specimen, 2 (0.53%) teeth had 2 roots, 365 (97.8%) teeth had 3 roots and 6 ones (1.6%) had 4 roots. Among the 438 second molars, 14 (3.1%) were single-rooted, 26 (5.9%) teeth had 2 roots, 392 (89.4%) teeth had 3 roots and 6 teeth (1.3%) had 4 roots. No sex difference was found in the frequency of additional canals both in the maxillary first and second molars. Occurrence of additional canals did not differ with age. These results provide detailed knowledge of the root canal anatomy of the maxillary molar teeth in this particular population, which is of clinical importance for dental professionals when performing endodontic treatment.

The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of both linear and angular measurements conducted on two-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalometric images and three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography-generated cephalograms derived from various rendering software. Pre-treatment cephalometric digital radiographs of 15 patients and their corresponding cone beam computed tomographic images were randomly selected. Vista Dent OC as 2D, In vivo 5.1.2, Maxilim and Romexis software were used to generate cephalograms from the CBCT scans (NewTom 3G, QR Verona, Italy). In total, 19 cephalometric landmarks were identified and 18 widely used (11 linear, 7 angular) measurements were performed by an independent observer. MannÀWhitney and KruskallÀWallis H tests were also used to compare the four methods (p < 0.05). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to examine the intra-observer reliability. Intra-observer examinations showed various unreliable ICCs, which was an indication of poor reproducibility for condylion-gnathion (Co-Gn), gonion-mentum (Go-Me), anterior nasal spinamentum (ANS-Me), Wits for all 2D and 3D rendering software (p > 0.05). The ICCs for Vista Dent OC (2D) measurements indicated high reproducibility (p < 0.05). The 2D and 3D generated cephalograms from various rendering software were found to be similar; however, measurements on curved surfaces are not easily reproducible for 3D software.

ünümüzde diş hekimleri tüm stomatognatik yapı ve fonksiyonlar konusunda bilgili olmak zorundadırlar. 1 Ağız; motor fonksiyonlar, sensitif duyular ve salgılamada önemli fizyolojik rol oynayan bir organdır. 2 Çiğneme, emme, yutkunma, kusma, tat alma ve konuşma da ağız tarafından yapılan farklı fonksiyonlardır. Oral fonksiyonlardaki bozukluklar günlük hayatımızı olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. 3 Ağız fonksiyonlarının oluşturulmasında alt çenenin rolü büyüktür. Alt çenenin dinlenme konumundan kapanışa geçerken göstermiş olduğu hareketler üç yönde incelenebilmektedir: Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci 2018;24(2):123-30 123 Kraniyomandibüler Hareketleri Etkileyen Maloklüzyonlar Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Konuşma ve çiğneme, fizyolojik ve psikolojik açıdan insanları etkileyen faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Çiğneme, emme, yutkunma ve tat alma gibi oral fonksiyonlardaki bozukluklar günlük hayatımızı olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Ağız fonksiyonlarının oluşturulmasında alt çenenin, üst çenenin, çiğneme kaslarının, dentisyon tipinin ve temporomandibüler eklemin önemli rolleri olduğu bilinmektedir. Çapraz kapanış, açık kapanış, Sınıf II kapanış, Sınıf III kapanış, dental kontaktlara bağlı oluşan maloklüzyonlar oral fonksiyonları negatif yönde etkileyebilmektedirler. Ortodontik tedavi ile dental ve iskeletsel yapılara ilişkin problemler giderilerek; hastaların normal fonksiyon, fonasyon ve estetik değerlere kavuşması sağlanmaktadır. Ancak, ortodontik tedavi planlamaları yapılır iken, kraniyomandibüler fonksiyonlar ve bu fonksiyonları etkileyen faktörler göz önünde tutulmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, maloklüzyonların ağız fonksiyonlarını ne şekilde değiştirdiği incelenmiştir. Kraniyomandibüler hareketleri etkileyen maloklüzyonlar hakkında ileri araştırmaların yapılması, tedavi yöntemlerinin çeşitliliğinin ve verimlerinin artırılması için gereklidir.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Maloklüzyon; kraniyomandibüler bozukluklar A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T Speaking and chewing are factors that effect the physiologic behaviours of people. The problems in some oral functions like chewing, swallowing and tasting may affect daily life negatively. Mandible, maxilla, masticatory muscles, the type of dentition and temporomandibular joints have important roles in oral functions. Deep bite, open bite, crossbite, Class II and III malocclusions and dental contacts changes oral functions in a negative way. Dental and skeletal problems can be improved by orthodontic treatment, so that patients achieve normal function, fonation and esthetic values. However, orthodontists have to pay attention to craniomandibular functions and the factors that affects these functions when planning the treatment of a case. In this study, the effects of malocclusions on craniomandibular functions are investigated. Further studies are needed to improve the effectiveness and the variations of orthodontic treatment in relation to malocclusions and craniomandibular functions.K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Malocclusion; craniomandibular disorders