In this report, we present a case of penile calciphylaxis, an extremely rare and serious condition occurring in association with dysregulation of systemic calcium metabolism in the setting of chronic renal impairment. Calciphylaxis can occur at various body sites and is associated with diffuse vascular calcifications in small and medium-sized arteries of the involved tissues. Penile calciphylaxis has a grim prognosis. Calciphylaxis is an important etiologic differential diagnosis for penile necrosis and penile pain in patient’s being treated with dialysis for end-stage kidney disease. Diagnosis of penile calciphylaxis is possible via clinical and radiological evaluations. Medical management may alleviate symptoms; however surgical interventions may be necessary, and histological studies may allow for definitive classification.

BACKGROUND Practice of Yoga causes several changes in normal physiology. Meditation has positive short and longterm rewards which include a balance of the parasympathetic and sympathetic functions. Cardiovascular autonomic functions are quantified by changes in the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in response to some of the physiological stimuli and different types of Pranayamas is known to alter the autonomic function. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of Sukha Pranayama and Bhastrika Pranayama on cardiovascular autonomic functions in normal healthy medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 male and female young healthy volunteers studying at PES Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam belonging to age group of 17-22 years were included for the study. Parasympathetic activity was assessed by observing the heart rate changes to immediate standing from lying down position, heart rate changes during deep breathing and heart rate changes during Valsalva manoeuvre using Biopac Student Lab MP30 device. Sympathetic activity was assessed by observing blood pressure changes on immediate standing from lying down position and blood pressure changes during sustained hand grip using sphygmomanometer before and after yoga.

Castleman's disease is a rare disorder caused by a polyclonal proliferation of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Half of all cases of multicentric Castleman's disease are associated with HIV or Kaposi's Sarcoma. Typically, unicentric Castleman's disease presents as an enlarged thoracic lymph node but can present in multiple other body areas, such as the head and neck. This case report presents a rare large extrathoracic mass causing back pain in a 71-year-old man.

Background: Benign as well as malignant neoplasm of breast still appears to be the prime tumour among females and the prevalence of the disease is increasing all over the countries. The likelihood of emergence of breast neoplasm is linked to a number of factors i.e. reproductive life events and the factor of lifestyle that modify levels of endogenous sex hormones. One of most important risk factors is growing old age. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a least traumatic, reliable simple, complication free technique and economical for the diagnosis of mass lesions. It can be easily repeated if an adequate aspirate is not obtained. Aim: To determine the frequency of cytological category of FNAC C5 of breast lesion among different age groups. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative research study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 21st January 2016 to 22nd September 2016. Methodology: One hundred and twenty female patients selected who presented with complain of palpable lesion in breast and was correlated with physical examination recording the size and consistency of mass. The procedure was performed on patients with complete clinical and radiological work up. After preparation of direct smear, slides were processed according to routine processing and then stained with H&E and Giemsa. Results: Thirty (25.80%) were between 18-30 age group while 42(35.00%), 47(39.20%) were between 31-45 and 46-60 age groups respectively. Though majority of FNAC cases were found in age group 31–45 but there was no significant difference among three groups by age. Conclusion: Malignancy in palpable breast masses can surely be diagnosed by a combination of clinical examination of breast and FNAC which when performed by a dedicated cytopathologist should be an integral part of a breast screening service. Middle age group had highest frequency but difference was insignificant. Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, Palpable breast lesions, Age groups