<p class="Abstract">Research on figuring out the ways to teach creative thinking skills via learning processes has been carried out. One of the methods applied to be efficient to teach creative thinking skills is laboratory work. Laboratory work is an important process in learning physics since students tend to find it hard to understand physical concepts if they are only taught verbally. Students will understand better when they are given real life examples and are allowed to learn the concepts through the laboratory work, whenever possible. The research was conducted at SMAN 1 Bringin by employing the <em>quasi-experiment pre-test - post-test control group design. </em>Creative thinking skills were measured based on four indicators: flexibility, fluency, originality, and detail. Results show that laboratory work was suitable to improve students’ fluent thinking ability with 77% students showing improvement, and it was also a fit to improve students’ original thinking with 84% students showing improvement. The experiment class revealed a gain of 0.51, taken from an average pre-test score of 45.64 compared to the average post-test score of<em> </em>73.5, which is an increase of 27.86. Meanwhile, the control class resulted in a gain of 0.40, taken from an average pre-test score of 39.11 compared to the average post-test score of 83.44, which is an increase of 24.33.</p>

The quality of used frying oil degraded due to the presence of products degradation, such as; PV and FFA which formed during the frying process. PV and FFA are harmful to human health. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film has been applied in various fields, especially in the environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film for reducing PV and FFA in used frying oil. The TiO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrate by spray coating method at a temperature of 450 o C. The TiO2 precursor solution was prepared by mixing TTiP, AcAc, and ethanol. The thin films were varied into two conditions; as-deposited and annealed at a temperature of 500 o C. The morphology, crystalline structure, and optical properties of the thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and UV-VIS spectrophotometer, respectively. Photocatalytic process was carried out by putting TiO2 thin film in used frying oil and irradiated by sunlight. The result showed that both of TiO2 thin films were still amorphous in nature. However, there was a peak with low intensity for annealed TiO2 thin film which corresponding to the TiO2 anatase crystals plane of (101). Annealing process improved crystallinity and changed the shape morphology of TiO2 thin films. The band gap was found to be 3.59 eV for asdeposited TiO2 thin film and 3.49 eV for the annealed-TiO2 thin film. Photocatalytic process shows that TiO2 thin films reduced FFA and PV of used frying oil up to 67.10% and 79.15%, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of annealed TiO2 thin film was higher than as-deposited TiO2 thin film. The results indicated that TiO2 thin film photocatalyst potential as the new alternative method to purify used frying oil.

Abstrak. Telah dilakukan Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil penerapan model project based learning terhadap peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada konsep Gravitasi menurut Newton. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MA Negeri Babakan Lebaksiu Tegal tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kelas XI IPA MA Negeri Babakan Lebaksiu Tegal. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan mengambil 2 kelas secara acak, kelas XI IPA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan model project based learning sedangkan kelas XI IPA 4 sebagai kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika siswa kelas XI, dapat dilihat dari uji hipotesis satu pihak antara kelas eksperimen yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model project based learning dan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional diperoleh thitung > ttabel, yaitu 3,68 > 1,57 hal itu dapat disimpulkan Ha = diterima dan H0 = ditolak sehingga hasil nilai kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa yang menggunakan model project based learning pada kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari kelas kontrol yang tidak diterapkan model project based learning. Kata Kunci: Project Based Learning dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah.Abstract. Research has been conducted that aims to find out the results of the application of project based learning model to the extent of problem solving skills on the concept of Gravity according to Newton. This research was conducted at MA Negeri Babakan Lebaksiu Tegal for academic year 2016/2017. This research uses pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this research is class XI IPA MA Negeri Babakan Lebaksiu Tegal. Sampling technique using simple random sampling technique by taking 2 classes, class XI IPA 3 as an experimental class that gets learning with project based learning model while class XI IPA 4 as a control class that uses conventional learning. The results showed that there was a difference of students' physics problem solving abilities of class XI, can be seen from the test of one-party hypothesis between experimental class that got the learning by using project based learning model and control class using conventional learning obtained tcount > ttable, that is 3.68> 1.57 it can be concluded Ha = accepted and H0 = rejected so that the value of problem solving ability of students using project based learning model in experiment class is better than control class which is not applied project based learning model.

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