Background Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women. Uncaria gambir is an Indonesian herbal plant that can be used as an anti-cancer. However, herbal medicines have low bioavailability, which affects their bioactivity. Nanoencapsulation can increase bioavailability and stability of bioactive compounds in herbal medicines. Purpose This recent finding tried to unravel anti-cancer and chemopreventive of U. gambir nano-encapsulated by Na-alginate. Study Design U. gambir bioactive compounds were isolated and characterized using UV–Vis spectrometer, FTIR, NMR and HR-MS. U. gambir extract was nanoencapsulated using Na-alginate. Anti-cancer effect was assessed by MTT assay towards T47D cell. Meanwhile, a chemopreventive analysis was carried out in breast cancer mice-induced benzo[α]pyrene. The healthy mice were divided into 8 groups comprising control and treatment. Results Elucidation of U. gambir ethyl acetate extract confirmed high catechin content, 89.34% (w/w). Successful nanoencapsulation of U. gambir ( G-NPs ) was indicated. The particle size of G-NPs was 78.40 ± 12.25 nm. Loading efficiency (LE) and loading amount (LA) of G-NPs were 97.56 ± 0.04% and 32.52 ± 0.01%, respectively. G-NPs had an EC 50 value of 10.39 ± 3.50 µg/mL, which was more toxic than the EC 50 value of extract towards the T47D cell line. Administration of 200 mg/kg BW G-NPs to mice induced by benzo[α]pyrene exhibited SOD and GSH levels of 13.69 ng/mL and 455.6 ng/mL. In addition, the lowest TNF-α level was 27.96 ng/mL. A dose of 100 mg/kg BW G-NPs could best increase CAT levels by 7.18 ng/mL. There was no damage or histological abnormalities found in histological analysis of the breast tissue in the group given 200 mg/kg BW G-NPs .

No abstract

The objective of our research was to the evaluated biological activities of G. procumbens leaves methanol extract (GLME) for the hepatoprotective against cadmium (Cd) toxicity in mice. Research was performed using twenty five healthy male mice, which were grouped into five treatments: P1 (control), P2 (Cd-100mg/L), P3 (GLME-100mg/L+Cd-100mg/L), P4 (GLME-200mg/L+Cd-100mg/L), P5 (GLME-300mg/L+Cd-100mg/L). The results showed GLME contain phenolic and flavonoids compound by total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) assay, they were strongly correlated with antioxidant activities. In this study, it was also known that Cd exposure increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreasing of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in liver homogenates compared to control significantly. This is in line with a decreased in the number of normal cells and slightly an increased in damage cells in the histological hepatic cells. Administration of GLME can prevent liver cell damage due to Cd treatment by increasing the number of histological normal cells and the activities of SOD and CAT enzyme and reducing the level of MDA in liver homogenates. The best treatment of GLME was 100mg/L.