Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Some studies have shown that high heat kills cancer cells. Irisin is a protein involved in heat production by converting white into brown adipose tissue, but there is no information about how its expression changes in cancerous tissues. We used irisin antibody immunohistochemistry to investigate changes in irisin expression in gastrointestinal cancers compared to normal tissues. Irisin was found in human brain neuroglial cells, esophageal epithelial cells, esophageal epidermoid carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine esophageal carcinoma, gastric glands, gastric adenosquamous carcinoma, gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma, gastric signet ring cell carcinoma, neutrophils in vascular tissues, intestinal glands of colon, colon adenocarcinoma, mucinous colon adenocarcinoma, hepatocytes, hepatocellular carcinoma, islets of Langerhans, exocrine pancreas, acinar cells and interlobular and interlobular ducts of normal pancreas, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and intra- and interlobular ducts of cancerous pancreatic tissue. Histoscores (area × intensity) indicated that irisin was increased significantly in gastrointestinal cancer tissues, except liver cancers. Our findings suggest that the relation of irisin to cancer warrants further investigation.

Peritoneal dialysis is an effective route of renal replacement therapy in the neonatal period for management of metabolic disturbances as well as renal failure. Although major complications of the procedure are uncommon, these patients still have a high mortality rate due to serious nature of the underlying primary causes.

When the length of time elapsed till admission to a hospital was considered, a decrease in morbidity rates was observed in patients who presented at a hospital within the first 24 hours. In the diagnosis of suspect patients, virtual bronchoscopy seriously decreased the incidence of negative bronchoscopy. The authors determined that for bronchoscopic procedures, the renewal of technical ultrastructure with technological advances strongly contributed to a decrease in mortality and morbidity as a result of FBA in paediatric patients.

The genital injury score is a useful genital trauma scale for predicting anogenital injury severity. Identifying the mechanism and severity of perineal and associated injuries under general anaesthesia may facilitate appropriate classification and management.

Background/Aims: Littre hernia (LH) is difficult to distinguish from other hernias until complications arise. In this research, we present the details of diagnosis, treatment, and frequency of LH cases with differentiated clinical properties. Materials and Methods: Littre hernia prevalence, clinical properties, and treatment details of cases diagnosed as incarceration/strangulation (I/S) of hernias between December 1996 and December 2017 were retrospectively investigated. Results: Incarceration/strangulation was detected in 403 out of 3758 hernias within 21 years. Four cases were detected as LH (0.09%) in 403 I/S patients. Partly reduced 2 cases were treated by resection/anastomosis with the abdominal approach. Conclusion: The possibility of LH in strangulated or partly reduced hernias should be considered. The abdominal approach may be necessary in nonreducible hernia with possible LH patients.