<p>This research aimed to determine the yield of ethyl cinnamate synthesized by the sonochemical method and its potency as a sunscreen agent. Ethyl cinnamate was synthesized from cinnamic acid and ethanol with concentrated sulfuric acid as catalysts assisted by ultrasonic waves. The Identification of compounds was carried out by infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Synthesis of ethyl cinnamate resulted in the form of clear yellow liquid with a fragrant aroma of a cinnamon ester with a 96.61% yield. Identification by an infrared spectrophotometer showed many functional groups of ethyl cinnamate.  Identification by GC-MS was given a relative abundance of 98.96%. The product of synthesis had SPF number 4.769 at 10 ppm used Mansur Equation. Based on this research, it concluded that it has potential as a sunscreen agent. The sonochemical method provides an excellent yield of ethyl cinnamate.</p>

Background: Bangle rhizome (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb) essential oil as long been used by Indonesian and often used by postpartum women, as a treatment for abdominal obesity. The formulation of bangle essential oil into topical preparations has not been widely reported. So far, bangle essential oil is not available in pharmaceutical dosage form. The users immediately apply essential oil to the abdominal area and previous study showed that the terpinene-4-ol only diffused 0,39% from 2 mg/cm2 of Bangle essential oil through skin membrane. The development of topical bangle essential oil is necessary to increase the effectiveness of the delivery of active substances through the skin and the comfort of the user. In order to increase the penetration of the terpinen-4-ol, the Bangle essential oil was formulated in the form of a nanoemulsion and then the nanoemulsion was dispersed into a gel base to increase user convenience. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of nanoemulsion formulations for Bangle essential oil and to know the optimum the composition of surfactants and cosurfactants in nanoemulsion system. This study also aims to determine the effect of base gel used in the nanoemulsion gel formulation on the appropriate physical properties. Method: The pre-emulsion was made beforehand with oil and a mixture of surfactant and cosurfactant. With the help of a Design Expert® ver. 10.0.1 software, component of sufactant and co-surfactant were optimized. The design formula was divided into seven nanoemulsion formulas with a ratio of Polysorbate 80: PEG 400, F1 (1: 8), F2 (8: 1), F3 (6,25: 2,75), F4 (8: 1), F5 (1: 8), F6 (1: 8), F7 (4,5: 4,5). The optimum consentration of Polysorbate 80 as surfactant and PEG 400 as co-surfactants in Bangle essential oil nanoemulsion was analyzed using simplex lattice design methode. The optimal formula was further evaluated for its distribution, droplet size, and zeta potential. Distilled water was used as the aqueous phase in nanoemulsion. The amount of aqueous phase: the amount of pre-emulsion is 9 : 1. The optimum nanoemulsion formula then dispersed in carbophol hydrogel to be nanoemulsion gel. Physical characterization of Bangle nanoemulsion gel like a pH, adhesion power, spreadability, viscosity before and after cycling test had been investigated. Result: The optimum composition of surfactant Tween 80 and co-surfactan PEG 400 was 7.659: 1.34. The results showed that the optimal formula with 2% Bangle Essential Oil Loaded in Nanoemulsion had the Z-average 95,2 nm with Index Polidispersity 0,176 and Zeta Potensial -0,1 mV. Bangle Nanoemulsion-Gel had a homogenous organoleptic, spreadability in 6,69 + 0.85 cm, adhesion power in 2.14 + 0.29 seconds, viscosity 5969 + 32.03 cps, and pH 6,58 + 0,29. Conclusion: Bangle Essential Oil Nanoemulsion-Gel formulation has the good physical characteristics and potentially be used as topical dosage forms. A further study is needed to determine the effectiveness of the treatment of abdominal obesity by topical administration of this preparation.

Latar belakang: Desa Dukuh, kecamatan Delanggu merupakan salah satu Desa di Kabupaten Klaten, Jawa Tengah yang terkenal akan produksi berasnya. Inovasi yang dapat diberikan untuk meningkatkan potensi dan nilai tambah dari beras adalah diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan sabun beras herbal. Tujuan: Memperkenalkan metode pengolahan beras dan tanaman herbal hingga menjadi produk sabun beras herbal yang dapat menciptakan peluang usaha desa. Metode: Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan yaitu tahapan pertama tahapan perencanaan dan persiapan kegiatan, tahapan kedua adalah pelaksanaan meliputi sosialisasi dan pelatihan pembuatan sabun beras herbal dan tahap ketiga adalah evaluasi akhir. Hasil: Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat diterima dengan antusias dan seluruh peserta aktif dalam kegiatan sosialisasi mengenai kosmetik herbal dan pelatihan pembuatan sabun beras herbal. Lebih dari 90% peserta memahami sosialisasi dan pelatihan yang diberikan. Kesimpulan: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang berlangsung sukses dan lancar. Peserta pengabdian juga berharap kelanjutan kegiatan pelatihan kontrol kualitas sediaan sabun dan pelatihan pemasaran produk. Kata Kunci: beras, herbal, Klaten, sabun __________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Background: Dukuh Village, Delanggu sub-district is one of the villages in Klaten  Regency, Central Java which is famous for its rice production. An innovation that can be given to increase the potential and added value of rice is to formulate it into herbal rice soap preparations. Objective: To introduce methods of processing rice and herbal plants to become herbal rice soap products that can create village business opportunities. Method: This activity is carried out through three stages, namely the first stage is the planning stage, the second stage is the socialization and training stage for making herbal rice soap and the third stage is the final evaluation. Result: The results of the implementation of community service activities were enthusiastically received and all participants were active in socialization activities regarding herbal cosmetics and training in making herbal rice soap. More than 90% of the participants understood the socialization and training provided. Conclusion: Community service activities that took place successfully and smoothly. The participants also hope to continue the quality control training activities for soap preparations and product marketing training. Keywords: rice, herbs, Klaten, soap

Background : Brown algae contains alginate which can be used as a gelling agent on cosmetics product. In this study, alginates from brown algae can be formulated on antioxidant serum gel. Vitamin C was used as a model of active ingredient which are known as potent antioxidants. In order to obtain a serum gel preparation with good physical characteristics, optimization was also carried out in the formula between sodium alginate as a gelling agent and propylene glycol as a humectant. Aim : The purpose of the research is to determine the yield of sodium alginate produced from brown algae extraction, and determine the optimum ratio between sodium alginate and propylenglycol to provide good physical characteristics for vitamin C serum gel. Method : The extraction method used to obtain sodium alginate from brown algae Sargassum polycystum using the acid pathway extraction method. The method used to optimize sodium alginate and propylenglycol is the Simplex Latice Design method with Design Expert software version 10.0.1. Optimization parameters included tests of viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and pH. Penetration test using franz diffusion cells, and the stability test of the preparation using the cycling test method. Result : The yield of sodium alginate extraction was 20.61%. Results of analysis software Design Expert version 10.0.1 show that sodium alginate could increase the response of viscosity, adhesion, and pH, also reduce the spreadability of vitamin C serum gel. While, propylenglycol could increase all the responses. Conclusion : The yield of brown algae (Sargassum polycystum) obtained was 20.61% with the combined composition with propylene glycol in the preparation of serum gel vitamin C being 7.56% : 10.44%.

Penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan limbah kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) saat ini telah banyak dilakukan, salah satunya adalah aktivitasnya sebagai antioksidan yang dapat bermanfaat sebagai kosmetik antiaging. Kesulitan dalam mempertahankan kandungan antosianin pada sediaan adalah hal yang paling sering ditemui. Potensinya sebagai antioksidan sering menurun seiring dengan penurunan kadar antosianin. Formulasi bentuk liposom merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk mengatasi keterbatasan stabilitas antosianin kulit buah naga merah yang mudah rusak oleh faktor lingkungan. Teknologi liposom juga telah terbukti efektif sebagai sistem penghantaran obat melalui kulit.Tujuan penellitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimasi komponen penyusun liposom antosianin kulit buah naga merah yang terdiri dari lesitin soya dan kolesterol untuk memperoleh penyerapan antosianin kulit buah naga merah yang maksimal. Optimasi liposom tersebut menggunakan metode optimasi Simplex Lattice Design dengan bantuan software Design Expert 10.0. Respon uji yang digunakan untuk optimasi liposom adalah persentase efisiensi penjerapan antosianin dan pH. Hasil menunjukkan, liposom yang paling optimum adalah liposom dengan komponen kolesterol dibanding lesitin = 0,647 : 0,353 dan terhidrasi oleh fase air dapar fosfat pH 7,4. Formula optimum memiliki rata-rata distribusi ukuran partikel sebesar 270,7 nm. Formula optimum yang didapat kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam basis serum sehingga menjadi sediaan serum liposom. Serum atau biasa disebut konsentrat, mengandung substansi aktif biologis sepuluh kali lebih banyak dibandingkan sediaan topikal lain, sehingga lebih cepat dan lebih efektif.Pengujian aktivitas antiaging serum liposom antosianin kulit buah naga merah dilakukan dengan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan secara invitro dengan metode DPPH. Hasil uji iritasi menunjukkan semua sediaan termasuk basis tidak menimbulkan iritasi pada hewan uji. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk menjamin sediaan serum liposom yang dihasilkan dapat berkhasiat, bersifat aman, dan tidak menimbulkan erhytema maupun udema bila diaplikasikan pada kulit.