The timing of ICU admission is associated with mortality outcome for critically ill patient, and delayed ICU admission has been related to increased death for critically ill patient who requires close monitoring and intensive treatment. Early or delay in initiation of treatment to stroke and head injury patient may have an impact on the health status of the patient. So, the study was conducted to assess the duration in initiation of treatment by the health care professionals to stroke and head injury patient admitting in emergency and ICU. The objective of the study is to assess the duration in initiation of treatment by the staff nurses and Doctors to patient admitting in emergency department and ICU of selected hospital of Kamrup (M ), Assam. Hence a descriptive research design was used to assess the duration in initiation of treatment by the health care professionals to stroke and head injury patient admitting in emergency and ICU with the objective of assessing the duration in initiation of treatment by the staff nurses and Doctors to patient admitting in emergency department and ICU of selected hospital of Kamrup (M ), Assam. Sample size for the study was on 78 health care professionals in which 26 were staff nurses and 52 were doctors working in emergency department and ICU of selected hospitals Convenience sampling technique was used for obtaining the adequate sample for the study. Respondents were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The duration of initiation of treatment were checked by using observation checklist. The result shows that in the analysis of duration in initiation of treatment by the staff nurses and doctors, the investigator found that the minimum time taken for brief history collection was 4mins 18secs and the maximum time was 9mins 12secs. The minimum time for performing physical examination was 4mins 32secs and maximum time was 6mins 43 secs. For initiation of medication, the minimum time taken was 13mins 16secs and the maximum time was 14mins 2secs. The minimum time taken for initial visit by the doctors was 2mins 17secs and maximum time was 55mins 55secs.Hence the study concluded that early initiation of treatment to stroke and head injury patient may improve the patient outcome and also the quality of care of the organisation whereas delay in initiation of treatment may deteriorates the condition of the patient and also increase the hospital mortality rate.

Patient falls are the most common adverse event in hospital. Falls in hospitals are the most frequently reported incidents among all safety incidents To assess knowledge, attitude and practices of Aims: nurses regarding patient falls in ICU. Methodology: Descriptive research design was undertaken on 140 nurses by using convenience sampling technique. Participants were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria. Structured knowledge questionnaires, 5-point Likert scale and inventory checklist were used to assess knowledge, attitude and practices. The data was collected and analysed in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority 61.5% Results: had moderately adequate knowledge with mean score 13.82±2.95, 60% had moderately favorable attitude with mean score of 50.59±5.99 and 95.7% of nurses had adequate practice with the mean score of 15.84±3.84. There is weak positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r=0.072), between knowledge and practices (r=0.047), between attitude and practices (r=0.021). There was signicant association between knowledge with working experience (2=16.420, p=0.012), attitude with gender (2=4.752, p=0.029), and practice with gender (2=12.182, p=0.002). Keeping in view the ndings, it is recommended that regular incentive programs Conclusions: , training and in-service education to improve nurses' knowledge, attitude and practices regarding patient safety and patient falls should be done in these areas.

Background: 'Competency' is an important word in health care settings. From a novice nurse to a proficient registered nurse whoever is assessing a newly admitted patient or feeding a patient in a unit or a student nurse in a nursing education program continuous clinical competence is essential for everyone. The definition of clinical competence clearly refers to individual competence. It is thought to involve many aspects of the nurses' professional attributes, including the individual's personality trait, level of education, experience in practice and health care management skill. ICU nurses are expected to have superior professional knowledge and skills, be familiar with modern technical equipment and dedicated to the patient. Requirements for working in ICUs differ from one country to another. Nurses previously registered just once, after graduation, but are now required to demonstrate continuing competence if they are to maintain their registration. At the same time, communities expect safe and competent health care as a right. To fulfil their expectation, nurses need to be professionally and clinically competent. Materials and Methods:The present research study was conducted on 218 registered nurses selected by simple random sampling. The purpose of the study was explained to the nurses and written consent was taken from them and also assurance was given to maintain the confidentiality. The baseline data was collected from the samples using the structured interview schedule. Level of nurses clinical competencies was assessed by using the observational checklist and the factors influencing the clinical competencies of the ICU nurses was assessed by the Nurses competence scale (Rating Scale). Results: As per the score of observation checklist and three longitudinal observations to assess the level of clinical competencies of ICU nurses, the maximum score of clinical competencies of ICU nurses are within the range of very good (38-48) with majority of nurses (84.86% in 1 st observation, 74.31% in second observation and 68.34% in third observation respectively %) with an average mean± SD of 44.87± 3.04, 44.36± 2.86 & 45.16± 2.876 respectively. There is no significant difference among the average of three observations made while assessing the level of clinical competencies of ICU nurses. The factors especially teaching -coaching (37.66±10.06; Range: 10-68), diagnostic functions (16.6 ± 4.56; Range 3-37) and work role (45.4±12.48; Range: 0-58) has maximum score suggesting that these three factors had influence on the clinical competencies of ICU nurses. The factors especially teaching-coaching, diagnostic functions and work role are significantly influencing the level of the clinical competencies of ICU nurses. There is significant association between the levels of clinical competencies of ICU nurses such as knowledge, experiences, environment, independence and work satisfaction with only four selected demographic variable i.e. age, usual length of shift duty the nurses work, average patient assignment and years o...

Background of the study: Pregnancy is a very important event and are at high risk of infected COVID-19, because pregnancy alters the immune system. Nurses play a key role in ghting this disease and are at risk of infected and spreading COVID-19 infection. As it is new disease, it is very essential to know how to take care, prevent and protect antenatal mothers and newborns from infection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess the knowledge of nurses and establish appropriate interventions to reduce the crisis in this pandemic. The rst conrmed antenatal case of COVID-19 was reported on 21st January 2020 in Qingdao, china who was a 31 years old at 30 weeks of gestation presented with mild diarrhea (2-3 times a day) for one day. To nd out effectiveness of structured Aim: teaching programme on knowledge regarding management of COVID-19 in pregnancy and childbirth among nurses in selected Hospitals, Goalpara, Assam. Quantitative research approach was used, and pre-experimental Method: one group pre-test post-test design was adopted in the study. The samples were collected using non-probability purposive sampling technique from 100 nurses, who were doing government job in selected Hospitals, Goalpara, Assam and who fullls the inclusive criteria. Structured questionnaire was used to explore the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding management of COVID-19 in pregnancy and childbirth Data analysis was Result: done by calculating mean, standard deviation, chi square test and t-test. A total of 100 nurses, It was found that in the pre-test, majority i.e. 77(77%), 21(21%), only two (2%) had moderate, inadequate and adequate knowledge respectively. In post-test, majority i.e. 56(56%), 44(44%), 0% had adequate, moderate and inadequate knowledge respectively. The mean knowledge score in pre-test and post-test was 17.15 and 23.29 with Standard deviation of 2.79 and 2.69 respectively. The calculated paired 't' test value is 20.960 was found to be statistically highly signicant at p<0.001 level. This shows that there was signicant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of knowledge, which clearly infers that structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding management of COVID-19 in pregnancy and childbirth was found to be effective in improving the level of knowledge among nurses in the post-test. There was signicant association of knowledge with only educational qualication. Through this study, the investigator concluded that struct Conclusion: ured teaching programme was effective in bringing the desired changes in the knowledge of the nurses.

According to WHO the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) that was rst reported from Wuhan , China, on 31st Dec 2019. As we are aware , Covid- 19 is widely spreading across the country rising beyond 4000 positive cases in a day of the rst wave. In India according to R. Gangakhedar , the head of the epidemiology division at ICMR, said at the press conference on April 20th , 2020 of 80 out of 100 conrmed COVID-19 cases were asymptomatic. It is the responsibility of the staff to ensure that they constantly maintain a high standard of infection control practice. SOP in infection control means the standard infection control precautions must be used by all nurses , in all care settings, at all time, for all patients whether infection is known to be present or not but to ensure the safety of those of being cared for , as well as the staffs and the visitors. OBJECTIVE1. To assess the knowledge of SOP on infection prevention and control of COVID- 19 among nurses . 2. To evaluate the practice of SOP on infection prevention and control of COVID-19 among nurses. 3. To nd the correlation between the knowledge and practice of SOP on infection prevention and control among nurses . 4. To nd out the association between the knowledge and practice with selected demographic variables ( age, qualication, gender, education, experience, type of ICU, training attended ) among nurses. METHODS AND MATERIALS- the research approach adopted for the study was quantitative approach. A descriptive research design was used in this study to accomplish the objectives using non-probability purposive sampling technique for obtaining adequate sample for the study. Study was undertaken on 60 ICU nurses in selected hospitals of Kamrup (M) Assam. Participants were selected on the basis of those who fullled the inclusion criteria. The tool used for the study was structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, and observation checklist was used to evaluate the practice of SOP on infection prevention and control of COVID-19 D RESULTS- ata analysis was done by calculating mean, standard deviation and chi square. In knowledge, the study revealed that out of 60 respondents , majority 38 (63 %) had moderately adequate knowledge, 14(23%) had inadequate knowledge and 8(14%) had adequate knowledge of Standard Operating Procedure on infection prevention and control of COVID-19. In practice , the study revealed that out of 60 respondents , majority 51(85%) had moderately adequate practice and 9 (15%) had adequate practice of Standard Operating Procedure on infection prevention and control of COVID-19.The corelationship between knowledge and practice were 0.331 which was moderately positive correlation. There was signicant association of knowledge with total years of working experience among nurses working in CTVS, ICCU and post-COVID- 19 ICU and none of the demographic variables had shown statistically signicant association with level of practice of Standard Operating Procedure on infection prevention and control of COVID-19 among nurses . - After analyzing the collected data CONCLUSION .This study gives the area to improve in knowledge of the nurses and practice of ICU nurses regarding SOP on infection prevention and control of COVID-19. Therefore, continual education to the nurses does go long way in increasing their knowledge and practice to prevent infection which can help in controlling the rate of Hospital acquired infections .