Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is the solitary precursor for the biologically active cofactors known as the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) molecules [1]. These cofactors are required in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and act as cofactors for the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) and its dehydrogenase (ETFDH) [2]. The ETF and ETF-DH form electron transport pathways for at least 12 mitochondrial flavoprotein dehydrogenases involved in amino acid, fatty acid, and choline metabolism [3]. Variations of the ETF or ETF-DH cause multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiencies (MADDs), and riboflavin metabolism or transport genetic defects can also cause MADD or varying degrees of progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) [3]. There are three human riboflavin transporter (RFVT) homologs: RFVT 1 to 3, encoded by genes SLC52A1 to SLC52A3, respectively [4]. RFVTs are widely distributed in the body and SLC52A1 is highly expressed in the placenta and intestine [3]. SLC52A2 is rather ubiquitously expressed, mainly in the brain, and, although SLC52A3 is most highly expressed in the testes, which also expressed in the intestine and prostate [3]. There are three types of RTDs and these

Background Food allergy (FA) can have a profound effect on quality of life (QoL), stress, and anxiety in the family. We aimed to validate the Korean version of the Food Allergy Quality of Life-Parental Burden (FAQL-PB) and identify factors related to the parental psychosocial burden of caring for children with FAs. Methods Parents of children aged between 6 months and 17 years with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated FAs from the Pediatric Allergy Department of five university hospitals in Korea were enrolled in the study. Parents were asked to complete the FAQL-PB, Food Allergy Independent Measure-Parent Form (FAIM-PF), Child Health Questionnaire-Parents Form 28 (CHQ-PF28), Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression. Statistical analyses included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, discriminative validity, and logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 190 parents were enrolled. Social activity limitation was the item with the highest FAQL-PB scores. The Cronbach’s α for each item was higher than 0.8. The test-retest reliability was good (intra-class correlation coefficient, 0.716; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.100–0.935). An increase in the FAQL-PB was significantly associated with an increase in the FAIM-PF (β = 0.765, P < 0.001) (concurrent validity). There was a positive correlation between parental burden, anxiety, and depression, while resilience was inversely correlated with parental burden (all P < 0.001). The total FAQL-PB score in parents of children who had experienced anaphylaxis was significantly higher than that in parents of children who did not experience it ( P = 0.008). When adjusting for age, sex, and underlying diseases, anaphylaxis (β = 9.32; 95% CI, 2.97 to 15.68), cow’s milk (CM) allergy (β = 8.24; 95% CI, 2.04 to 14.44), soybean allergy (β = 13.91; 95% CI, 1.62 to 26.20), higher anxiety (β = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.41), higher depression (β = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.69), and lower resilience (β = −0.42; 95% CI, −0.61 to −0.2) were significantly associated with greater parental burden in children with IgE-mediated FAs. Conclusion FAQL-PB is a reliable and valid tool for use in Korea. Anaphylaxis, CM or soybean allergies, more anxiety and depression symptoms, and lower resilience are associated with poorer QoL in parents of children with FAs.