OBJECTIVE:To determine the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with maternal obesity and Preeclampsia in antenatal patients attending Pakistan Railway General hospital (PRGH) Rawalpindi, Pakistan. METHODS:This cross-sectional survey was conducted in PRGH Rawalpindi, Pakistan from February-April 2015. By using convenient sampling technique, 60 pregnant women, aged 18-38 years with gestational age more than 20 weeks were included. Thirty diagnosed GDM women were taken in one group while 30 non-GDM women in other according to the diagnostic criteria of 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test recommended by American diabetes association. Data was collected in a self-designed structured questionnaire including demographics, routine examination of urine samples while body weights were measured in kilograms and heights in centimeters for determination of obesity according to body mass index (BMI) classification that for normal is (18.5-24.9), over-weight (25-29.9) and obese (>30). RESULTS:In group of women with GDM, 5 (16.6%) had normal weight, 16 (53.3%) were found to be overweight while 9 (30%) were obese and 0 (0%) were under-weight according to BMI table. In the second group of non-GDM, 18 women (60%) had a normal weight while 6 (20%) were overweight and 6 (20%) were obese. Hence there were more over-weight patients with gestational diabetes with a significant association (p<0.05). On the other hand, 5 (16.66%) GDM women and 3(10%) non-GDM women had preeclampsia (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:A significant association of GDM with maternal obesity was observed in our population whereas preeclampsia with GDM had no significant association.

Introduction: emory processing and learning are enhanced by adequate, high-quality sleep of the appropriate duration. It aids memory processing, executive cognitive functioning and concentration. Academic performance of university students suffers as a result of poorer sleep quality. Objectives: To determine the effect of sleep quality on academic performance of undergraduate university level students. Methodology: This is analytical cross-sectional study and non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The study population comprised a total 300 students, out of which 50 students were not completed the questionnaire. A total of 250 students, 113 male and 137 female students were participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was circulated among bachelor-level students of different universities in blinded from August 2018 to December 2018.  The questionnaire was based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index along with other relevant data about the students’ age, gender, and discipline of study, respective semester and grades (CGPA or percentage total). The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Majority of the students had moderately poor sleep quality (Global PSQI score=5). The 17.6% of subjects scored 5 in PSQI and 14.8% of subjects scored 6 in PSQI. However, the students who scored high CGPA (>3.5) had better sleep quality as compared to those who got CGPA <3.5. Conclusion: Majority of the students having poor sleep quality and their grades might be affected. Furthermore, the students who attaining good CGPA (>3.5) had on an average good sleep quality.

OBJECTIVE:To compare sit-to-stand (STS) pattern and different functional mobility tests in stroke and elderly population.