BACKGROUND Reducing pain and minimising the use of opioids after caesarean section are crucial to enhancing maternal recovery and promoting mother-newborn interaction. Various techniques have been implemented to improve analgesia. We compared the analgesic efficacy of posteromedial quadratus lumborum block with that of wound infiltration following elective caesarean section. OBJECTIVE We hypothesised that within a multimodal analgesia approach, posteromedial quadratus lumborum block would, due to its potential to relieve visceral pain, result in a 15% reduction in 24-h postoperative opioid consumption compared with wound infiltration. DESIGN A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical study. SETTING A single-centre study between August 2019 and May 2020. PATIENTS One hundred and sixteen women were randomly allocated into two groups. In the quadratus lumborum group, 20 ml 0.9% saline was injected into the surgical wound followed by bilateral posteromedial quadratus lumborum block using 20 ml 0.25% levobupivacaine per side. In the wound infiltration group, 20 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine was injected into the surgical wound followed by a bilateral posteromedial quadratus lumborum injection with 20 ml 0.9% saline per side. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was opioid (piritramide) consumption at 24 h. Secondary outcomes were piritramide consumption at 48 h, time-to-first analgesic request, pain scores at rest and with movement, surgery-to-first-ambulation time, surgery-to-breastfeeding time, sedation, pruritus and complications. RESULTS Piritramide consumption in 24 h was significantly lower with posteromedial quadratus lumborum block (1.5 ± 1.8 mg) than with wound infiltration (2.2 ± 1.7 mg) (P = 0.04), mean difference of -0.7 mg, (95% CI -1.3 to -0.03). In those who required piritramide, time-to-first analgesic request was significantly longer with posteromedial quadratus lumborum block 11 [7 to 14] h, than with wound infiltration 7 [5 to 11] h (P = 0.02). Pain scores were low, with no differences recorded at rest and with movement. There were no differences in time-to-ambulation and time-to-breastfeed between the groups. CONCLUSION As a component of multimodal post-caesarean section analgesia, posteromedial quadratus lumborum block was associated with lower 24-h opioid consumption compared with wound infiltration. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04000308
Uvod: Pandemijo covid-19 povezujemo s povečanim tveganjem za posttravmatsko stresno motnjo pri zdravstvenih delavcih. Namen sistematičnega pregleda literature je prepoznati vpliv pandemije covida-19 na duševno zdravje v tej populaciji.Metode: Uporabljen je bil sistematičen pregled literature. Iskanje je potekalo od novembra 2020 do januarja 2021. Vključene so bile naslednje iskalne zbirke podatkov: Pubmed, Ebsco, Ovid in Google Scholar. Pri iskanju so bile uporabljene kombinacije ključnih besed: samopodoba, strah, preventiva, medicinske sestre, zdravniki. Uporabili smo diagram PRISMA za prikaz poteka pregleda literature. Tematska analiza je potekala na način kodiranja rezultatov.Rezultati: Iz celotnega iskalnega niza več tisoč člankov smo v končno analizo prenesli štirinajst člankov. Prevalenca anksioznosti med zdravstvenimi delavci je 12,3–35,6 %. Zdravstveni delavci moškega spola so imeli bistveno blažje simptome tesnobe kot ženske. Stopnja tesnobe je bila višja v zdravstveni negi, vendar so bili pri moških manj izraziti simptomi tesnobe kot pri ženskah.Diskusija in zaključek: Pandemija covid-19 je povzročila duševne obremenitve zdravstvenih delavcev. Za obvladovanje duševnega zdravja pri medicinskih sestrah in zdravnikih je treba vključiti preventivne psihoedukativne ukrepe, kot sta briefing in teambuilding.
IZVLEČEKUvod: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali lahko z uvedbo multimodalne analgezije po carskem rezu zmanjšamo odmerke opioidov in pospešimo pooperativno okrevanje. Metode: V retrospektivni kohortni raziskavi sta bili primerjani dve skupini: eksperimentalna (po uvedbi novega analgetičnega režima) in kontrolna skupina (pred uvedbo novega analgetičnega režima). Opazovana je bila sposobnost samostojne osebne higiene porodnice, skrb za novorojenčka po carskem rezu in čas od operacije do prvega podoja. Pri statistični analizi je bil uporabljen test hi-kvadrat in Mann-Whitneyjev U-test. Rezultati: V skupino z quadratus lumborum blokom in v kontrolno skupino smo vključili po 58 otročnic. Po uvedbi multimodalnega analgetičnega režima je večji delež otročnic samostojno skrbel za osebno higieno po šestih urah po carskem rezu (44 (76 %) otročnic v skupini quadratus lumborum blok in nobena v skupini opioidne analgezije). Po dvanajstih urah se je delež pri skrbi za osebno higieno v skupini, v kateri smo lajšali bolečino z opioidno analgezijo, nekoliko popravil 55 (95 %) v prvi skupini in v drugi skupini 28 (48 %, p < 0,001). Prvi podoj po carskem rezu je bil v prvi uri po operaciji pogostejši pri kontrolni skupini (19 otročnic pri quadratus lumborum bloku (33 %) in 32 otročnic z opioidno analgezijo (55 %, p = 0,02), po dveh urah razlik ga niso zaznali. Diskusija in zaključek: Z multimodalnim analgetičnim načinom pripomoremo k hitrejšemu samostojnemu izvajanju negovalnih aktivnosti otročnice, ki ji omogočajo hitrejšo prilagoditev na novo življenjsko vlogo.
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