Purpose This paper aims to explore the dynamic relationships between high-performance computing centres (HPC centres) and small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) working in the automotive sector. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study was conducted in 14 European countries with a total of 92 participants, representatives of HPC centres and SMEs. Data were collected through focus groups. Findings Findings show there is a distinct manner of shaping collaboration and cooperation networks between both spheres. In shaping the relationships, cognitive frames play a role through specific values involved share. Institutions also play an important role. Research limitations/implications Research into relationships between HPC centres and SMEs conducted was qualitative; therefore, limitations arise on data not being able to be generalized. The cultural aspect is to be taken into account when conducting further studies. Practical implications Findings of this study can be used by policymakers, especially those interested in regional innovation. The results can be of use when tailoring innovation policies, especially when it comes to enhancing the regional and extra-regional cooperation between HPC centres and SMEs. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first research contributions to analyse the relationships between HPC centres and SMEs from the automotive sector in selected European countries.

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