Resumo Esta pesquisa objetiva fornecer insumos para o processo de monitoramento e avaliação da Lei de Cotas (Lei n. 12.711/2012), por meio da investigação das alterações no perfil socioeconômico e racial do corpo discente das instituições federais de educação superior (Ifes) de 2012 a 2016. Para tanto, desenvolvemos uma análise exploratória do perfil dos ingressantes dos cursos presenciais de graduação das Ifes com base no cruzamento de dados do Censo da Educação Superior (2012--2016) e do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (2011-2015). Nossos resultados sugerem que a Lei de Cotas tem apresentado resultados inclusivos sobre a maioria das Ifes no Brasil (com efeitos contraditórios em algumas), em especial entre os ingressantes provenientes da rede pública e os autodeclarados pretos, pardos e indígenas.
I analyze how two reforms, introduced to expand college access in Brazil, impacted enrollments of low-SES students. The first policy centralized applications in a nationwide platform (SISU), and the second expanded affirmative action quotas (AA) to a uniform share of 50 percent of vacancies offered by degree. Results show that SISU changes enrollment decisions of high-SES students, crowding out low-SES groups from the least competitive degrees disproportionately. In contrast, AA increases enrollments of low-SES individuals not only mechanically but also through behavioral responses. Finally, their interaction creates a complementary effect, protecting the low-SES groups from the crowding-out of centralization. (JEL I23, I24, I28, O15)
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