This systematic review aims to explore the current state of role expansion in radiation therapy internationally and gain an informed understanding of the possibilities of such practices in an Australian context. A comprehensive search from 1990 to 2008 was undertaken to extract publications from electronic databases, individual journals and professional bodies. A thorough title and abstract audit was conducted. Fifteen articles were selected for critical analysis after content examination. The results indicated that expanded roles for radiation therapists (RTs) have been implemented internationally, but few are reported in the Australian environment. The two most prominent roles identified were the patient treatment reviewer and the image reviewer. Additionally, roles such as the breast planning RT, research RT and information and support RT have also been described. The data offered a substantial amount of evidence that developed countries are progressing rapidly towards role expansion. Expanded practice has conferred greater accountability; autonomy and responsibility on RTs. Positive outcomes such as improved patient care and increased job satisfaction for RTs have been observed despite barriers such as medical dominance and legal issues. It therefore appears that role expansion in RT is viable in Australia, but further research and evaluation should be conducted before role expansion is applied.

These results from RTs with no specific preparation indicate that experienced RTs could assess breast cancer skin toxicity as part of their role.