Inkjet printing is considered to be a key technology in the field of defined polymer deposition. This article provides an introduction to inkjet printing technology and a short overview of the available instrumentation. Examples of polymer inkjet printing are given, including the manufacturing of multicolor polymer light‐emitting diode displays, polymer electronics, three‐dimensional printing, and oral dosage forms for controlled drug release. Special emphasis is placed upon the utilized polymers and conditions, such as polymer structure, molar mass, solvents, and concentration. Studies on viscoelastic fluid jets and the formation of viscoelastic droplets under gravity indicate that strain hardening is the key parameter that determines the inkjet printability of polymer solutions.
The ability of a broad range of N-heterocycles to act as very effective and stable complexation agents for several transition metal ions, such as cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II), and ruthenium(II), has long been known in analytical chemistry. This behavior was later utilized in supramolecular chemistry for the construction of highly sophisticated architectures, such as helicates, racks, and grids. The discovery of macromolecules by Staudinger in 1922 opened up avenues towards sophisticated materials with properties hitherto completely unknown. In the last few decades, the combination of macromolecular and supramolecular chemistry has been attempted by developing metal-complexing and metal-containing polymers for a wide variety of applications that range from filtration to catalysis. The stability of the polymer-metal complex is a fundamental requirement for such applications. In this respect, the use of bi- and terpyridines as chelating ligands is highly promising, since these molecules are known to form highly stable complexes with interesting physical properties with transition-metal ions. A large number of different structures have been designed for many different applications, but polymers based on the application of coordinative forces have been prepared in a few cases only. Furthermore, the synthetic procedures applied frequently resulted in low yields. During the last few years, strong efforts have been made in the direction of self-assembling and supramolecular polymers as novel materials with "intelligent" and tunable properties. In this review, an overview of this active area at the interface of supramolecular and macromolecular chemistry is given.
Block copolymers represent an important class of materials, which have received widespread attention because of their remarkable micro-and nanophase morphology. This morphology leads to unique properties compared to homopolymers or their blends. Classical examples of block-copolymer morphology are lamellae, hexagonal-packed cylinders and body-centered-cubic arrays of spheres. [1] During the last decades, important advances have been made in the synthesis, characterization, and application of block copolymers. In particular, anionic polymerization has been successfully applied in their controlled synthesis. [2] Several other routes have been realized as well, for example, controlled radical polymerization, [3] cationic polymerization, [4] group transfer, [5] and metathesis, [6] or combinations of such techniques. Nevertheless, block-copolymer synthesis remains a challenge for certain materials and several interesting combinations could not be realized to date. On the other hand, recent developments in the field of supramolecular chemistry have shown that small (self-)complementary building blocks can lead, through self-organization processes, to large, well-defined structures, which are held together by noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds [7] and metal-to-ligand coordination. [8] Herein we present a new highly controlled and welldefined construction principle for block copolymers that utilize supramolecular interactions, in this case metal-toligand coordination. By this method new combinations of block copolymers can be prepared, which are not accessible, or have been very difficult to access to date. This allows a comparison of the new metallo-supramolecular compounds with classical well-documented covalent block copolymers. For this purpose we chose the terpyridine ligand as the central building unit, which is well-known for its outstanding ability to form stable bis complexes with a large variety of transitionmetal ions (Figure 1). [9] The main advantage of having a metal complex as the bridging unit is the possibility of cleavage at this junction point. Therefore new ™smart materials∫ are accessible. Moreover, the metal ion being at the interface between the blocks may cause additional interesting features regarding morphology, thermal and mechanical as well as photophysical properties.The construction of the supramolecular block copolymers works along the same principle as their covalent counterparts.
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