Background: Covid-19 is a spectrum of infection not only causing fever and respiratory changes but including alteration in chemosensory functions including; olfactory dysfunction and gustatory dysfunction. In covid-19, olfactory dysregulation could be treated with either systemic steroids or with topical steroids. Objective: To assess and compare role of systemic and topical steroids in regaining normal olfactory functions. Materials & Methods: A Randomized control trial was conducted at Central Park Teaching Hospital Lahore after getting ethical approval and prior written informed consent from participants. A total of 35 patients were recruited were segregated into two groups; Group 1 who were treated with topical steroids (n=17) and Group 2 who were given and treated with systemic steroids (n=18). Time frame of regain of olfaction was compared between the groups using Mann Whitney U test. A p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 35 participants participated in this randomized controlled trial who were segregated into two groups with the mean ages of 47.12 + 11.94 and 43.72 + 13.74 with no significant mean difference. On appliance of Mann-Whitney U test in Group 1 and group 2 (52 + 39 v/s 4 + 2) it was observed that systemic steroid patients regain olfaction earlier as compared to group 1 (topical steroids) with the p value of .0001. Practical implication: Systemic Steroids will help in prompt regaining of normal olfaction and should be part of COVID-19 infection management. Conclusion: Olfaction management till the regaining of normal olfactory functions should be part of covid-19 management and role of steroids in crucial yet unavoidable. Systemic steroids play a key role in early regain of normal olfactory response so should be encouraged under the physician observation. MeSH Words: Covid-19, olfaction, steroids, respiratory disorders, randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is most common procedure performed in ENT Practice. Various surgical techniques are used in this procedure, including blunt dissection, electrocautery, cryosurgery, ultrasonic removal, laser removal, monopolar and bipolar dissection. After tonsillectomy, morbidities associated are pain, fever and hemorrhage. Objective: In our study we compared the bipolar electrocautery dissection with cold steel dissection method. We compared compare post tonsillectomy morbidities in terms of, pain, fever, post-operative hemorrhage. Methodology: This study was a randomized controlled trial. All 100 patients scheduled for elective tonsillectomy was randomized to tonsillectomy with the hot technique (group-A) or the cold dissection technique (group-B). The randomization was performed by the use of a random number generator (Excel). Chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test was applied to compare hemorrhage and fever. Independent sample t-test was applied to compare pain in both study groups. Results: The mean age of patients in cold dissection was 23.26 ± 9.317 whereas in hot dissection group the mean age of the patients was 25.20 ± 8.013. At first day of procedure mild post-operative pain in 28 (28.0%) patients, moderate pain in 39(39.0%) patients and severe pain in 33(33.0%) patients was seen. In cold dissection group 19(38.0%) patients had mild, 26 (52.0%) had moderate and 5(10.0%) had severe postoperative pain while in hot dissection group 9(18.0%) patients developed mild, 13(26.0%) developed moderate and 28(56.0%) developed severe postoperative operative pain at day 1. Practical Implications: It will help in early and prompt management of patients of tonsils undergoing tonsillectomy with minimal invasion. Conclusion: In our study, the cold dissection was observed to be better in terms of low pain however; in terms of hemorrhage the hot dissection was found to be better. MeSH Words: Tonsillectomy, electrocautery, cold steel dissection, bleeding, pain, blood transfusion