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Thus, our study establishes that neuropathic pain can probably be overcome using higher doses of opioids, and there exists some intimate relationships between NMDA and opioid systems that lead to pain modulation.

Fallopian tube (FT) neoplasms either benign or malignant are uncommon in pathology. Papillomas are rare benign neoplasms of the FT. This report describes the presence of a benign papilloma of FT presenting as a ruptured ectopic pregnancy in emergency. A 24-year-old female presented to the gynecology emergency with chief complains of acute pain abdomen for 6 hours and bleeding per vaginum (PV) for 1 day. Left salpingectomy with a right tubal segment ligation was done and sent for histopathologic examination. It was subsequently diagnosed as FT papilloma with no evidence of tubal gestation on histopathology. FT papilloma, although rare and often found incidentally, could be a significant factor in occluding the lumen of the tube, thereby resulting in abortion or sterility of the patient. Since the management is mainly conservative and prognosis is good, it is also essential to differentiate these lesions from the other proliferative lesions of FT.

Introduction: Medicolegal autopsies are performed to determine the cause and manner of death. Histopathological examination is reserved for only those cases where Cause Of Death (COD) is not readily apparent on autopsy. However, there are conflicting views regarding the utility of histopathological examination in medicolegal cases. Aim: To examine the role of histopathological examination in unravelling specific causes of mortality in two settings: 1) where collaborative clinical history and gross autopsy findings were available; 2) where definitive cause could be discovered only at the time of microscopic examination, thus altering its legal implications. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study including all medicolegal autopsy cases, in which histopathological examination was requested and sample was received at the Pathology Department, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College, New Delhi, India. Since this was a retrospective study, the data was compiled from medicolegal cases received by the department in two years i.e., from January 2018 to December 2019. Histopathological examination was performed in 96 cases out of which 10 were excluded due to autolysis (n=86). Haemotoxilin and Eosin (H&E)-stained slides were examined and special stains and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) applied wherever required. Gross and histopathological findings were recorded along with autopsy findings and clinical history. The results were tabulated and statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square and Fischer’s test to look for any significance and association between gross and microscopic findings in various organs. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Histopathological examination was conclusive in ascertaining the specific COD in 30/86 cases (35%). These were categorised as pulmonary causes (27) including one case each of fat embolism and Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE) and cardiac causes (3). In 8 of these cases (9%), the cause was discovered only on microscopy in clinically and grossly unsuspected cases, which would have been missed otherwise if not submitted for histopathological examination. Conclusion: Histopathological examination is definitive in pointing towards the specific causes of death in considerable number of autopsies and can completely alter the legal implications.

Sustainable biomass resource has been receiving much attention worldwide due to the depletion of raw material for fossil fuels. However for proper and optimal exploitation of the available biomass, there is a need to quantify the district wise availability of biomass in our country and to prepare a zone wise recommendation for adopting appropriate technologies for converting the biomass into biofuels. Biofuels offer a number of environmental, social and economic advantages. The use of biofuels may lead to reduction in vehicular pollution and green house gas emissions as it is established that the emission of sulphur dioxide(SO2), particulate matter and carbon monoxide(CO) etc. are less from biofuels. The economic and social benefits arising out of the development of biofuel sector through increased income and employment opportunities for the rural communities is also highlighted. The greening of wasteland and regeneration of degraded forest lands through cultivation of biofuel crops is another added advantage.