Resource adjustment problems in U.S. agriculture are motivated against the background of the farm problem. The adjustment cost hypothesis is invoked to specify and estimate consistently a system of dynamic investment demand and output supply equations by utilizing recent advances in dynamic duality theory. The investment demand equations assume the form of a multivariate flexible accelerator. Results indicate that labor, capital services, and land exhibited quasi‐fixity while intermediate materials were a variable factor. This can be construed as a form of asset fixity within aggregate U.S. agriculture. The univariate flexible accelerator hypothesis is rejected.

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This article investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment and its relationship to trade in the U.S. food industry. A multinational corporation maximizes profits by choosing between production at home, which is exported, and production in a host country. This introduces the possibility that foreign affiliate sales can substitute and/or complement exports. The empirical framework consists of a four-equations system with foreign affiliate sales, exports, affiliate employment, and FDI as endogenous variables. The results confirm small substitution between foreign sales and exports, and that the host country's protection policies affect the decision to invest abroad. Copyright 1999, Oxford University Press.

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This paper examines the causal relationship between agricultural productivity and exports for selected Asian and Latin American countries. Alternative views about the causal relationship between these variables of economic interest exist. Economic theory provides no firm basis to judge whether productivity causes exports or exports cause productivity (export‐led growth). Since this issue is empirical, econometric tests are utilised to investigate the nature of this causality. Test results are mixed although the export‐led growth hypothesis is validated in a few cases.