Fluke infestation in domestic animals is one of the major problems of farmers in tropical condition of Chitwan. A prospective study was done in western Chitwan, Bharatpur Metropolitan City, ward 26 &16, Nepal in two different seasons-summer and winter to describe the seasonal prevalence of fluke infestation in dairy cattle and buffalo. Sedimentation technique of faecal examination was performed to recover the parasite eggs. In the study, the prevalence of fluke infestation was found to be higher in the summer (26%) than in winter (22%). Similarly, among cattle Jersey cross (39.5%) showed the highest infestation of flukes among the breeds followed by Jersey (12.5%), among the buffalo breed the rate of infestation was found higher in Murrah cross (21.4%) followed by local (20.0%). No Murrah breed in the study were positive for GI parasite. In the study carried out in 38 calf, 7 heifer and 55 mother the faecal examination for fluke egg was positive 26.3% of calves, 28.6% of heifers and 21.8% of mothers respectively. Out of 43 buffalo and 57 cattle the parasitic infestation was found in 18.6% and 28.1% of sample respectively. Although cattle were seen more susceptible to flukes, the relation was not statistically significant. The study shows that the fluke infestation may be producing subsequent production loss due to its high prevalence in dairy cattle and buffalo.

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Paramphistomum and Fasciola are the most common parasite found in the gastrointestine of the cattle in the terai region of Nepal. The parasite resides in the gut and feed there, resulting in the nutrition deficit for the cattle. A study was conducted in Kohalpur, Banke of Nepal to study the seasonal and breed-wise prevalence of the gastrointestinal parasite in cattle. A total of 156 fecal samples were analyzed, out of which 79 samples were collected in summer and 77 samples were collected in winter. Out of total samples 108 were brought to the clinic and 48 samples were collected directly from the rumen of the cattle. Sedimentation technique for recovering the larva and egg of parasite was performed. Five slides were prepared from each sample and was observed under the microscope for eggs and larva. The result showed that the prevalence was 36.71% in the summer and it was 16.88% in the winter. The statistical relationship showed that the prevalence gastrointestinal parasite in cattle was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the summer season. Likewise, the prevalence was 11.86% in the Jersey breed and 36.08% in the Jersey cross breed. And the statistical relationship also showed that the gastrointestinal prevalence in Jersey cross breed was significantly (P<0.05) higher than Jersey breed.

A study was conducted from 15th December 2019 to 25th January 2020 at Birendranagar Municipality- 12, Surkhet to determine the effect of phytase on the feed intake, growth performance and economics in cobb 500 broilers. Combined brooding was done for 10 days and then the chicks were separated into different treatments. A total of 288 broiler chicks were allocated to six different treatment groups. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), each treatment with four replications. And each replication had 12 birds in it. The birds in six treatments were fed with isoproteinous and isocaloric diet containing different level of phytase and wheat. T0 was the control diet containing basal diet, T1 consisted of basal diet and phytase (0.75gm/100 kg feed), T2 consisted of basal diet containing wheat (13%), T3 consisted of basal diet containing wheat (13%) and phytase (0.75gm/100 kg feed), T4 consisted of basal diet containing wheat (26%), T5 consisted of basal diet containing wheat (26%) and phytase (0.75gm/100 kg feed). Weekly average body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency were recorded for four weeks after the birds were allocated to different treatments. All the data recorded was statistically analyzed for Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result showed that the overall weekly feed consumption was recorded higher (1.30 ± 0.0423 Kg) in the birds of treatment group T5. On the other significantly (P<0.01) higher (2688.46 ± 7.99 gm) cumulative live weight was recorded for the birds of treatment group T3. Likewise mean weekly weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) higher (293.53 ± 21.85 gm/week/bird) in treatment group T3 in the 1st week, significantly (P<0.05) higher (548.57 ± 4.06 gm/week/bird) in T1 in 2nd week, significantly (P<0.01) higher (649.23 ± 21.32 gm/week/bird) in T3 in 3rd week and significantly (P<0.01) higher (1122.65 ± 30.90 gm/week/bird) in T0 in 4th week. The overall FCR was significantly (P<0.01) better (1.94 ± 0.075) in the birds of treatment group T3. The benefit cost ratio was found to be highest (1.3916) from the birds in the treatment group T3. From the results of the experimental trial, it can be concluded that feed used in treatment group T3 helped in better performance and higher benefit cost ratio. Thus, 75 gm phytase in 100 kg of feed (with 13% wheat) can be safely used in the feed of broiler.