Shrimp aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food producing sectors in the world due to its high demand in developed countries; however, they are affected by diseases mainly caused by opportunistic pathogens results in huge economic losses. Today preventive and management measures are central concern to overcome such outbreak of diseases. The adverse effect of chemotherapeutics in shrimp farming has drawn attention for the development of non-antibiotic and environment friendly agents, which is one of the key factors for health management in shrimp aquaculture. In recent years, application of probiotics against virus and bacteria in shrimp farming had been a novel and safe approach since they promote the innate immune response. Probiotics for bacterial diseases like vibriosis is well reported, but for viral diseases, the authentic strains still need research. Apart from the discovery of new or better formulations, improvement in the probiotic benefits may be helpful. Thus, better and economic production methods, administration ways or combination with other preventive/therapeutic measures are welcomed. Further studies are still necessary to increase the knowledge about use of probiotics to control bacterial infections in shrimp but much more efforts are needed in the case of viral diseases. In this review, potential application of probiotics in shrimp aquaculture: importance, mechanisms of action and methods of administration are being focused. The article also explains the limitations and prospects of probiotics in sustainable and ecofriendly shrimp culture to augment the total shrimp aquaculture production.

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The length-weight relationships (LWRs) were studied of 588 fish covering eight families, 13 genera and 14 species (Notopterus . The b values varied between 2.4 (M. armatus) and 3.52 (P. sarana), with the mean b = 2.96 at P < 0.001 for all species. The observations are significant for conservation and management because the Betwa River has been approved under IndiaÕs first interlinking plan with the Ken River, and no length-weight data had thus far been reported for the Gomti River. The objective was to evaluate the LWRs of these two unstudied rivers for fisheries management.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a multivariate technique that analyzes a data

The freshwater resources of India are currently experiencing an alarming decline in Wsh biodiversity due to several factors and as a result, a sizeable portion of fresh water Wshes have been categorized as threatened. This emphasizes an immediate need for initiating research and actions for alternative management techniques to protect these aquatic systems. One such option that has potential to protect freshwater ecosystem from numerous threats is the creation of freshwater aquatic sanctuary (FAS) within protected area network. Though similar conservation practices are well established in the terrestrial and marine ecosystem, however, the work on freshwater systems has been very slow and negligible. In the present communication we conceptualized the need and approach for developing FAS within the protected area network based on our observations in the water bodies of the selected wildlife sanctuaries in Northern India as well as success stories of some other countries. In this study we assessed the Wsh diversity in the selected protected areas of Northern India. The assessment indicated that these sanctuaries harbor 28.26-31.13% of freshwater Wshes, which are threatened in other areas. Apart from Indian Major Carps, Tor putitora, Chitala chitala, Pangasius pangasius, Clupisoma gerua, Ailia coila, Aorichthys aor, Wallago attu, Rhinomugil corsula, Ompok pabda, Ombok pabo etc. were the important species encountered in the protected waters. The various issues related to FAS including objectives, approach, potential tools, implementation and management are discussed towards saving endangered Wsh germplasm resources. Approaches, tools and 1 C modus operandi proposed in this communication could be utilized by other developing countries in the region.