ZusammenfassungEinleitung: Zystische Raumforderungen des Hodens werden durch die Sonographie häufiger gefunden. Ihre Differenzialdiagnose, insbesondere die Abgrenzung gegenüber malignen Tumoren, führt öfter zu Unsicherheiten. Kasuistiken: Nachdem im eigenen Krankengut bei 21 Patienten die bildgebende Diagnostik einen Malignitätsverdacht vor einer durch den einweisenden Kollegen als notwendig erachteten Operation entkräftet hatte, wurden 16 lediglich beobachtet. Drei Epidermoidzysten wurden enukleiert, zwei Patienten mit einer tubulären Ektasie des Rete testis wurden wegen einer simultanen symptomatischen Spermatozele operiert. Schlussfolgerung: Durch Sonographie kann unter evtl. zusätzlicher Nutzung der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) zwischen malignen und benignen zystischen Raumforderungen des Hodens unterschieden werden. Damit lassen sich explorationsbedürftige Befunde von solchen trennen, die nur zu beobachten sind. Als benigne Formen können die tubuläre Ektasie des Rete testis, simple Hodenzysten (intraparenchymatös, Tunica albuginea-Zysten), die testikuläre zystische Dysplasie und Epidermoidzysten abgegrenzt werden. Bei explorationsbedürftigen Befunden wie der Epidermoidzyste ist eine Organerhaltung möglich. Dermoidzysten sind potentiell maligne. AbstractIntroduction: Cystic tumors of the testis are being found more frequently by ultrasound. Often the discrimination between these findings and malignant tumours is problematic for the examinor. Case Reports: We present 21 patients who showed no signs of malignancy in the sonogram nor in in the MRI scan (if performed). 16 of them were under clinical observation without surgery. In 3 patients, epidermoid cysts were removed. The other patients underwent surgery as they presented with spermatoceles in addition to tubular ectasia. Conclusions: Malignant cystic tumors of the testis can be discriminated from benign cystic lesions by ultrasound and in some cases by additional MRI scans. That means that findings which require surgical exploration can be identified. Benign types of cystic tumors can be divided into tubular ectasia of the rete testis, simple cysts, cystic dysplasia of the testis and epidermoid cysts. The latter can be explored with organ preservation. Dermoid cysts can be considered as potentially malignant.
Cystic transformation of the rete testis is a little-known partial or complete obstruction of the spermatozoa-containing secretion of the head of the epididymis. Depending on its severity, either ectasia or a cystic transformation occurs, which spreads to the network of convoluted seminiferous tubules in the mediastinum testis. Findings in contrast-enhanced MRI examinations are characteristic and may help to differentiate this benign entity from malignant neoplasia. The authors present two pronounced cases in different stages, documenting the broad spectrum of possible involvement.
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