The small-angle X-ray scattering beamline X33 of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) at the DORIS III storage ring [Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) Hamburg] was used for more than two decades to study the structure of non-crystalline biological systems. During recent years the beamline's scope has changed and is now predominantly used to analyze solutions of biological macromolecules. Owing to renewed interest in solution scattering studies from the biological community, the workload on the beamline has steadily increased. A major upgrade of X33 was performed to improve the beamline stability and data quality, to shorten the measurement time and to ensure user-friendly operation. The upgrade involved all major components of the beamline, including the optical system (monochromator, mirror, slits, beam monitors), electronics, control and acquisition software, X-ray detector system and the sample environment. The upgrade improved the brilliance by a factor of about three and the measuring time was reduced by a factor of seven. The knowledge and experience gained during the implementation of the upgrades to X33, may aid the design process for the BioSAXS beamline to be constructed for the PETRA-3 facility at DESY.

The EMBL Hamburg Outstation currently operates five synchrotron beamlines for protein crystallography. The strongest of these beamlines is the fixed-energy beamline BW7B which receives about half of the radiation (1.5 mrad) from a 56 pole wiggler located at the DORIS III storage ring at the German synchrotron facility DESY. Over the last years this beamline has been upgraded and equipped with a fully automated crystallographic end-station and a robotic sample changer. The current set-up allows for remote operation, controlled from the user's area, of sample mounting, centering and data collection of pre-frozen crystals mounted in Hampton-type cryovials on magnetic caps. New software and intuitive graphical user interfaces have been developed that control the complete beamline set-up. Furthermore, algorithms for automatic sample centering based on UV fluorescence are being developed and combined with strategy programs in order to further automate the collection of entire diffraction data sets.

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ANKA is a 2.5 GeV synchrotron light source under construction at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The facility consists of a 53 MeV microtron, an injection line, a 500 MeV booster synchrotron, and the ejection line. The whole injector is being built as a turn key system by the industry (Danfysik, Denmark). The interface between the injector and the storage ring is the entrance of the injection septum. The 53 MeV racetrack microtron is already commissioned. It delivers a beam of 53 MeV, 16 mA, 6 Hz and 1.2 µs. The installation of the injection line as well as the booster synchrotron is under way and the commissioning of the booster synchrotron will start in May 99. We expect to get an accelerated beam to 500 MeV before summer 1999.

ANKA is a 2.5 GeV synchrotron light source under construction in Karlsruhe. ANKA will offer full service in Xray lithography, mainly for micro-and nanofabrication, and in analyzing, and investigating non-destructively various properties of samples. During the first operational period only the light from the bending magnets (1.5 T) will be used, later four long straight sections and one short straight section can be equipped with insertion devices. The light source is scheduled to get into operation in the year 2000. At present, the 53 MeV racetrack microtron as pre-injector is already commissioned. The 500 MeV booster synchrotron is being assembled, a 500 MeV electron beam is expected during the summer period. The girders, the cooling pipes as well as the cable trays are already installed. The assembly of the magnets, the r.f.-and the vacuum-system will take place up to September 99 and we expect to get a 2.5 GeV accelerated beam at the end of 1999. BUILDINGThe building consists of three parts: a) the ANKA-hall, b) an annex and c) the cooling tower with the HVATsystem. The annex contains the control room, laboratories and the supplies for the electricity, water and heating/cooling. The floor within the hall is a single concrete slab with a thickness of 55 cm and without any insulation joint.Within the ANKA-hall the following parts have already been installed: 53 MeV-microtron, the shielding around the microtron, the cable trays, the cooling pipes, the stands for the different racks as well as the girders for the magnets (see fig. 1). The commissioning of the microtron and the booster will be done from a temporary control room within the storage ring (see fig. 1). The cooling complex including the HVAT-system will be finished in May 99. The storage ring with a circumference of 110 m covers only 35 % of the hall. In the space left it is possible to build beamlines with a length of 27 m. INJECTORThe 53 MeV racetrack-microtron has been installed and commissioned [1]. The accelerator of this machine is an sband linac with an energy of 5.3 MeV. The synchrotron light coming from the relativistic electrons accelerated within the turns 4 to 9 of the microtron bending magnets is shown in fig. 2 (this is the first synchrotron light produced at the light source ANKA). A 53 MeV beam with a pulse length of 1.2 µs and a maximum current of 16 mA has been reached. This pulse shape can be changed from 0.4 to 1.2 µs. The pulse shape of the beam at different energies is shown in fig. 3 for turns 3, 5 , 7 and 9. This graph shows that there are no important beam losses during the acceleration from 26.5 MeV to 42.4 MeV. The next step in the commissioning phase of the microtron is to check the 250 MHz-chopper which should deliver a beam with a 500 MHz-structure according to the rfsystem of the booster synchrotron.