Morphing attacks have posed a severe threat to Face Recognition System (FRS). Despite the number of advancements reported in recent works, we note serious open issues such as independent benchmarking, generalizability challenges and considerations to age, gender, ethnicity that are inadequately addressed. Morphing Attack Detection (MAD) algorithms often are prone to generalization challenges as they are database dependent. The existing databases, mostly of semi-public nature, lack in diversity in terms of ethnicity, various morphing process and post-processing pipelines. Further, they do not reflect a realistic operational scenario for Automated Border Control (ABC) and do not provide a basis to test MAD on unseen data, in order to benchmark the robustness of algorithms. In this work, we present a new sequestered dataset for facilitating the advancements of MAD where the algorithms can be tested on unseen data in an effort to better generalize. The newly constructed dataset consists of facial images from 150 subjects from various ethnicities, age-groups and both genders. In order to challenge the existing MAD algorithms, the morphed images are with careful subject pre-selection created from the contributing images, and further post-processed to remove morphing artifacts. The images are also printed and scanned to remove all digital cues and to simulate a realistic challenge for MAD algorithms. Further, we present a new online evaluation platform to test algorithms on sequestered data. With the platform we can benchmark the morph detection performance and study the generalization ability. This work also presents a detailed analysis on various subsets of sequestered data and outlines open challenges for future directions in MAD research.

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Evidence of identity (EOI), sometimes mentioned as breeder documents in a physical representation form, refers to a single or a set of evidence that can be used to provide confidence to the claimed identity. Trust of evidence of identity needs prudential assessment by an authority or a service provider before such evidence of identity can be accepted for identity verification or eligibility evaluation purposes. This is especially the case when such purposes have a high risk of cost, security, and other critical consequences. In this paper we analyze the status of deployed EOIs in the scope of ePassport issuance; and then attempt to define the implementation types, fraud scenarios, security objectives, and trust levels for EOIs, which have not been clearly defined in existing research and standardization societies. As a pilot survey work in this field, recommendations from policy and technology perspectives towards a highly-trusted EOI framework for standardization are shaped towards future ePassport issuance standardization and practice. Finally, a new design of birth certificate, compliant to the proposed recommendations, is presented as an example of trusted EOI.

This paper presents a tool for the indicator-based analysis of national innovation systems (ANIS). ANIS identifies the economic strengths and weaknesses of a country-wide, regional or local system and includes a comprehensive examination and evaluation of the status of existing innovation systems. The use of a particular form of expert interviews at macro, meso and micro levels provides a detailed image of a national, regional or local economy. This analytical approach is intended mainly for emerging and developing countries, for which standard innovation benchmarking and monitoring approaches may not be appropriate. The ANIS approach provides a quick and comprehensive picture of the main scope of interventions for improving individual determinants of an innovation system. As a result, targeted policy measures can be formulated to address these determinants. Policy makers can thus benefit from clear advice when striving to overcome weaknesses in their innovation systems and in identifying those determinants that should receive special attention. An analysis of the local innovation system of Manaus in Brazil is presented here as an example.

Schlagwörter: Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren, photothermische Materialprüfung Seit etwas mehr als 10 Jahren diskutiert man das Potential photothermischer Meßverfahren für die zerstö-rungsfreie Prüfung. Grundlage ist die Erwärmung eines Materials infolge Absorption von Strahlungsenergie, die damit gekoppelte Erzeugung thermischer Wellen und deren Fortpflanzung in einem möglicherweise thermisch inhomogenen Festkörper. Im Prinzip ermög-lichen so photothermische Meßverfahren, optische und thermische Informationen von Festkörpern, von Oberflächen und -strukturen wie auch von randnahen Bereichen zu gewinnen. Dieser Beitrag faßt die theoretischen und praktischen Grundlagen zusammen, nennt die Anforderungen an ein industriell einsetzbares System und skizziert den Aufbau entsprechender Geräte. Fundamentals of photothermal measurements for nondestructive testingFor more than 10 years, scientists and technicians are discussing the potential of photothermal measuring techniques for the non-destructive evaluation of solid materials. The photothermal technique is based on the absorption of radiation, the excitation and propagation of thermal waves in a possibly thermal inhomogeneous medium. So far, the photothermal response yields information about the optical and thermal properties of surfaces and about the material characteristics in nearsurface layers. This paper aims to summarize the state-of-the-art of photothermal measuring techniques. Besides the demands for a industrially usable device, two experimental setups will be explained in detail.