Leather gloves are very light leather used for protection against various risks. A flame-resistant product is needed to increase the flame resistance of natural leather. In this study, 02 flame resistant retanning products had been prepared utilizing waste leather protein extract with phosphoric acid and formaldehyde. These products had been applied at the retanning stage during leather processing. The utilization of phosphorus compounds chemically reacted with or deposited in leather fibers represented the most significant contribution in durable flame retardancy.  The final prepared leathers had been characterized for different physical properties such as radiation and electric heat resistance, flame spread resistance and impact of spatter. These products had been found to be compatible with commercial flame-resistant products. The thermal behavior of prepared leathers showed significant resistance.

The shrinkage of leather becomes a problem when leather is used in the form of leather shoes or other products and is heated at a high temperature. This technical study addressed shrinkage occurring in most leather shoes used in Pakistan during the shoe manufacturing process.  The chemical testing results revealed fat content (4.0-4.5%), chromic oxide (2.3-2.5%), ash content (1.3-1.6%), and pH (3.5-3.7) under significant limits. The effects of hydrothermal and dry heat shrinkage were investigated in selected shoe-upper leathers. The leather samples showed (18-41%) shrinkage in all 03 samples. The results revealed that an extensive change in various physical tests, such as tensile strength, % elongation, tear strength, had been found with heat induction. The temperature and time of heat contact significantly affect the destruction of bonding in shoe upper leather after being converted into shoes.

Retanning of tanned leathers played an important role to raise the shrinkage temperature characteristic and quantum of retanning agents, where crosslinks are formed with the polypeptide chain of the collagen or other reactive available sites of the collagen. This study is useful for the tanners to determine the percentage of shrinkage by using different retannages. The results revealed that the maximum thermal stability (increase in shrinkage temperature 21-25%) has been found in the basic chromium sulphate retanned leather without destruction of physical properties. Beside this, other types of retannages i-e, mineral retanning, phenolic based retanning, formalin based syntan have been showed thermal stability upto different levels (increase in shrinkage temperature 4-6%,12-15%, 10- 14% respectively) in addition to the development of physical properties such as tensile strength (N/ mm2 ), tear strength (N/mm), fullness , etc. to suit different needs.