An urgent scientific and practical problem is the formation of energy efficient systems for ensuring climatic conditions in premises based on the use of renewable energy sources. The work has improved the technical and methodological approach to the calculations of energy supply and storage systems when using energy-active fences. The special effectiveness of these fences has been shown in the transitional periods of the year, that is, in spring and autumn. A mathematical model has been developed to reliably predict the process of ensuring temperature comfortable conditions (heat balance) when using nonparametric statistics methods. It will improve the quality of forecasting the effect of external air temperature during the transitional periods of the year. The temperature inside the room is taken into account in the presence of a multilayer energy-active fence. To determine the approach to the use of heat in energy supply systems during the transition period, thermal parameters from the inner and outer sides of the building structure are considered. This makes it possible to take into account changes in the heat transfer of these structures when designing a power supply system and determining the optimal modes of its functioning in various natural conditions. The function of energy-active fences associated with the generation of additional heat into the system, obtained through the conversion of solar radiation energy, is considered. To increase this generation, special multilayer designs of energy-active fencing have been proposed. The proposed thermal modernization with the use of energy-active fences allows, on average, over the cold period of the year, to reduce energy consumption by 3.5 times for industrial and residential buildings
A relevant scientific-practical issue related to the sustainable development of outer space is the selection of optimal parameters of solar panels for the uninterrupted supply of energy in the power plants of spacecraft. It has been determined that advancing energy-efficient technologies is a prerequisite for ensuring stable space activities. The decision-making process regarding the choice of alternative options for ensuring the electrothermal protection of solar panels in the power plants of spacecraft occurs under the conditions of uncertainty and various risks. A methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness of options for building electrothermal protection systems for solar panels in the power plants of spacecraft has been devised. The hierarchical structure of the problem about approving of the choice of electrothermal protection of solar panels has been constructed on the basis of the method of analytical hierarchical process, which makes it possible to derive a set of optimal options. Five alternative options for electrothermal protection of solar panels have been chosen, which, unlike existing ones, take into consideration the phases of the life cycle, namely, the period of active operation. The selection of criteria for choosing the parameters of electrothermal protection of solar panels in the power installations of spacecraft has been substantiated: ensuring the smooth operation of solar panels; availability of service in emergencies; the life cycle of solar panels; the cost of solar panels; technical safety; mass-size indicators. It is argued that the chosen optimal alternative "Solar panels with protection on the basis of self-resetting fuses" could prolong the active life cycle and, as a result, reduce the number of repairs (current and overhaul) of solar panels in space activities. Owing to the use of this option, positive results could be achieved such an increase in the active life cycle by 20 %, as well as an increase in technical safety by 24 %
МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ В ЗАДАЧАХ ОЧИСТКИ СТІЧНИХ ВОД В даній роботі описано побудову чисельних моделей для оцінки ефективності роботи горизонтальних відстійників, що використовуються в системах очистки стічних вод. Особливістю запропонованих чисельних моделей є можливість моделювання поля швидкості та процесу переносу домішки з урахуванням геометричної форми горизонтальних відстійників та можливістю використання в них додаткових елементів типу пластин. Процес масопереносу домішки у горизонтальних відстійниках розраховується на базі двовимірного рівняння розповсюдження домішки. Це рівняння враховує конвективний перенос домішки та перенос домішки за рахунок дифузії. Нерівномірне поле швидкості розраховується на базі двох гідродинамічних моделей. Перша гідродинамічна модель-це система рівнянь вихрових течій ідеальної рідини. Друга гідродинамічна модельце система рівнянь Нав'є-Стокса, що записані у змінних «вихор-функція току». Для чисельного інтегрування моделюючого рівняння масопереносу використовується різницеві схеми розщеплення. Базове рівняння масопереносу попередньо розщеплюється на рівняння, що враховує лише конвективний перенос домішки у відстійнику, та на рівняння, що враховує перенос домішки за рахунок дифузії. Для чисельного інтегрування моделюючих рівнянь гідродинаміки використовуються неявні різницеві схеми розчеплення. Чисельний розрахунок здійснюється на прямокутній різницевій сітці. Час розрахунку одного варіанту завдання складає декілька секунд. Видаються результати проведеного обчислювального експерименту. Ключові слова: математичне моделювання, очисні споруди, горизонтальний відстійник.
Purpose. Heat consumption for heating and hot water supply of housing and industrial facilities is an essential part of heat energy consumption. Prerequisite for development of energy saving measures in existing heating systems is their preliminary examination. The investigation results of campus heating system of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan are presented in the article. On the basis of the analysis it is proposed to take the energy saving measures and assess their effectiveness. Methodology. Analysis of the consumption structure of thermal energy for heating domestic and hot water supply was fulfilled. The real costs of heat supply during the calendar year and the normative costs were compared. Findings. The recording expenditures data of thermal energy for heating supply of residential buildings and dormitories in 2012 were analyzed. The comparison of actual performance with specific regulations was performed. This comparison revealed problems, whose solution will help the efficient use of thermal energy. Originality. For the first time the impact of climate conditions, features of schemes and designs of heating systems on the effective use of thermal energy were analyzed. It was studied the contribution of each component. Practical value. Based on the analysis of thermal energy consumption it was developed a list of possible energy saving measures that can be implemented in the system of heat and power facilities. It was evaluated the fuel and energy resources saving.
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