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Calcium silicate plates of Danish company «Skamol» possess better heat and power characteristics than the domestic materials, but because of import the cost of these plates is very high. Due to this reason we obtained the alternative domestic product. According to the hypothesis the synthesized samples, with proper characteristics were received. Further technology development will allow us to produce ultralight materials with high structural characteristics.

Geopolymers are high-performance, cost-effective materials made from industrial waste that ideally fit the needs of 3D printing technology used in construction. The novelty of the present work lies in the investigation of methods to mix geopolymer concrete from fly ash (FA) class F, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and raw calcined kaolin clay (RCKC) to determine the mixing procedure which provides the best mechanical strength and structural integrity. The experimental results show that aluminosilicates with different reaction parameters when mixed one after another provide the optimal results while the geopolymer concrete possesses the highest compressive strength and the denser structure. The results demonstrated that the reactivity of GGBS, FA, and RCKC increased for different depolymerization speeds of the selected aluminosilicates. This research will provide results on how to improve the mixing order for geopolymer synthesis for 3D printing demands. The highest compressive strength and denser structure of geopolymer concrete is achieved when each type of aluminosilicate is mixed with an alkaline medium separately.

The influence of various additives on the porization of liquid-glass compositions using new approaches for analyzing experimental data, making it possible to obtain a quantitative assessment of the influence of inorganic additives and salts, is determined. Application of the law of constancy of the volume phase composition of dispersed systems makes it possible to express mathematically the influence of technological parameters (temperature, time) and the form of the types of additives introduced on the porization processes in such compositions.Liquid glass based on soluble silicates of alkali metals is a unique material which when heated up to 150 -500°C is capable of forming solid inorganic foam. Heating partially dried liquid-glass granules or compositions in molds with a closed volume permits obtaining heat-insulation materials with a rigid porous structure, occupying an intermediate position with respect to functional properties between cellular concretes and foam glass. This material can be called, with full justification, a foam silicate based on liquid glass.Liquid glass compositions (LGC) are obtained by mixing liquid sodium glass with specific additives, which can be divided into several groups according to the effect on the liquid glass and the material being fabricated: 1) inert with respect to liquid glass, acting as a framework forming filler in the finished article;2) gel-forming, giving rise to the gel-forming reaction in liquid glass and thereby destroying its polymer structure;3) thermoreactive additives, which do not interact with liquid glass and decompose on heating, releasing gaseous products.The effect of group-I additives depends on the nature of the substance and the dispersity. As the additive enters the LGC composition without destroying the colloidal structure of the liquid glass itself, it will have an ordering effect on the macrostructure of the heat-insulating material and increase the physical -mechanical properties of the article. When the volume content of the additive exceeds the maximum value for a given substance, the liquid glass coagulates with water being released and a silica gel being formed, which has a negative effect on the swelling capacity of LGC. Examples of such additives are finely dispersed quartz sand, tripoli, diatomite, dehydrated limonite (Fe 2 O 3 ), MgO, and CuO.The group-II gel-forming substances are introduced into GLC to increase the viscosity of LGC rapidly and increase process efficiency -it is easier to regulate the gel obtained and to pack it in molds. However, when the gelling agent content is significant, the polymer structure of the liquid glass breaks down and the porization capacity of the glass decreases, and the density of the articles correspondingly increases and their heat-insulation properties decrease. Thus, these additives must be introduced in small, strictly determined, quantities. Examples of well-known gelling agents are sodium silicofluoride, ethyl alcohol, boric acid, and many water soluble salts of alkali-earth and heavy metals. S...

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