The production of competitive, ecological agricultural products by agricultural producers in modern conditions is impossible without the modern equipment that provides a combination of technological operations in sowing and fertilizing. As a result of an analytical review of modern coulter designs used in modern seed devices for sowing, planting seeds of grain crops and granules of mineral fertilizers during their application, it was found that the most efficient single disc coulters with press wheels used as gauge-wheels, which ensure high-quality grain crops sowing. The design of the coulter with a gauge wheel of the pneumatic seeder has been developed and its design parameters have been determined. The conducted laboratory field tests of a pneumatic seeder equipped with experimental coulters with a gauge wheel made it possible to determine its optimal design parameters: coulter disc diameter 0.4 m, diameter and width of the copying wheel - 0.27 m and 0.04 m, taking into account the standard deviation of the distribution of seeds at the depth of planting.

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The article presents the scheme and design of the roller device for uniform oriented feed of root crops in the planting apparatus of the planting machine, as well as describes its operation. The technical and economic indicators of the modernized planting machine, which allow reducing the cost of manual labor when planting root crops sugar beet are given.

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The mechanization of the technological process in planting sugar beet root crops determines the efficiency of sugar beet seeds production. At the same time, the limiting factor is the use of manual labor in the process of planting sugar beet mother liquors. The article presents a three-dimensional model of an auger orienting device with given design parameters for sowing sugar beet mother liquors. The power for the drive of the auger rollers orienting device is determined, which provides the necessary piece-by-piece supply of sugar beet mother liquors at a speed of the sowing unit of 3.6 km/h. The authors carried out the consistency substantiation of the kinematic parameters in auger orienting device operation with the landing apparatus of the sowing machine, taking into account the design parameters of the presented device. The energy calculation of the auger drive orienting device was carried out and the loads acting on the drive shaft of the roller were determined. The gear wheels of the roller drive have been designed, and the stress-strain analysis of the drive shaft of the auger roller has been carried out. The main parameters of the simulated spur gear were determined using the KOMPAS 3D computer-aided design system, which ensure the reliable operation of the auger orienting device of the machine for planting sugar beet root crops with the required productivity.