An approach for isolation of an autoagglutination factor (AF) from Hms(-) cells of the plague agent has been developed. Purified AF has been obtained and characterized in physicochemical properties. The AF is found to be a complex of a 17.5-kD protein with a low molecular weight peptide component, which binds iron ions and shows siderophore activity. This low molecular weight component is responsible for hydrophobic properties and immunochemical activity of the AF, as well as for its ability to interact with the plague diagnosticum L-413c bacteriophage.
Pathogenic bacteria use low-molecular-weight iron chelators – siderophores – to assimilate iron in the host body. Being recognized as virulence factors, these molecules, differing in structural and functional properties, are the subject of the most intensive research in medical microbiology. The present study is devoted to the investigation of yersiniachelin siderophore (Ych) found in the causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis. The aim of the work was to clarify the role of Ych in the physiology of Y. pestis by comparing the properties of three strains of the plague microbe, differing in Ych production. Materials and methods. Three variants of Y. pestis EV76 strain were used in the experiments: parent strain Y. pestis EV76, its mutant that does not produce Ych due to deletion of three siderophore biosynthesis genes (analogues of ypo1530–1532 in Y. pestis CO92 strain) and a complemented mutant that was transformed by a recombinant pSC-A-5EV plasmid containing Ych biosynthesis genes cloned into the high-copy plasmid vector pSC-A-amp/kan. Comparative analysis of the three strains was carried out in terms of colony morphology, siderophore activity, growth rate, and sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. Results and discussion. The comparison of these strains has revealed that the secretion of Ych by bacteria at 26 °С ensures the assimilation of iron. At 37 °С, Ych is not secreted into the medium and protects bacteria from the bactericidal action of reactive oxygen compounds. Thus, the study shows that yersiniachelin is able to stimulate the assimilation of iron by bacteria under iron-deficit conditions and has antioxidant properties.
МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ 852017, issue 3 известно, что структурный компонент клеточ-ной стенки грамотрицательных бактерий -липопо-лисахарид (лпс) -является основным патогенети-ческим фактором чумного микроба [1,11,12]. лпс относится к биологически активным веществам опо-средованного действия. для проявления его токсиче-ских свойств необходимо отделение лпс от внеш-ней мембраны бактерий и представление рецепто-рам иммунокомпетентных клеток макроорганизма в свободной функционально-активной форме [11]. по современным представлениям источником свобод-ной формы лпс в условиях макроорганизма явля-ются не разрушенные, а живые бактерии, способные выделять лпс во внешнюю среду, подобно секре-ции экзотоксинов белковой природы. примером мо-жет служить возбудитель Klebsiella pneumonia [13]. вирулентные штаммы этого патогена продуцируют экстрацеллюлярный комплекс капсульного вещества, в состав которого входит токсический компонент -лпс. Формирование этого комплекса происходит на всех фазах роста бактерий и является естественным продуктом их жизнедеятельности. что касается воз-будителя чумы, известно, что большинство факторов, определяющих его вирулентные свойства, кодирует-ся тремя резидентными плазмидами -pMT1, pCD1 и pPCP1 [2,4, 9]. как правило, это белки, которые экс-понируются на поверхности мембраны бактерий или же секретируются за ее пределы. так, плазмида pCD1 Пробл. особо опасных инф. 2017; 3:85-89 (pCD1), Y. pestis EV76 (pPCP1). о присутствии внеклеточной формы лпс в среде икубации клеток Y. pestis EV76 судили по токсичности супернатантов для биопробных животных и по реакции LAL-теста. результаты и выводы. установлено, что экстрацеллюлярную форму лпс образуют 37-градусные культуры Y. pestis EV76 полноценного штамма и вариантов, содержащих pMT1 или pCD1 плазмиды. культуры, лишенные плазмид, и вариант, содержащий плазмиду pPCP1, такой способностью не обладают. по результатам LAL-теста процесс отделения лпс от мембраны клеточной стенки во внешнюю среду сопряжен с транслокацией белков, кодируе-мых плазмидами pMT1и pCD1, и является естественной формой жизнедеятельности клеток чумного микроба. участие плазмиды pCD1 в реализации токсического потенциала лпс Y. pestis установлено впервые.Ключевые слова: Yersinia pestis, плазмиды, экстрацеллюлярная форма липополисахарида, токсигенность. Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute, Rostov-on-Don, Russian FederationObjective of the study is to investigate the role of resident plasmids pMT1, pCD1, and pPCP1 in the production of extracellular form of Yersinia pestis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods. The experiments have been performed using Y. pestis strain EV76 (pMT1, pCD1, pPCP1), carrying the whole plasmid set, as well as plasmid-free Y. pestis variant EV76 (pMT1 -, pCD1 -, pPCP1 -), and isogenic clones, harbouring only one plasmid: Y. pestis EV76 (pMT1); Y. pestis EV76 (pCD1); Y. pestis EV76 (pPCP1). The presence of extracellular LPS in the incubation medium of Y. pestis EV76 cells has been confirmed by supernatant toxicity for laboratory animals and also by LAL-test r...
Aim. Detection of SXT elements in cholera vibrios O1 and nonO1/nonO139 serogroups and study of the effectiveness of their conjugative transmission to Escherichia coli cells.Materials and methods. In conjugation experiments, Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor (3) and V. cholerae nonO1/ nonO139 (3) strains were used as donors. Donor strains, recipients, and transconjugants were tested in realtime PCR for sensitivity to antibiotics and for the presence of drug resistance genes and integrase gene (int). Electrophoresis was carried out on a 0.7% agarose gel with ethidium bromide staining.Results. Resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin was transmitted in conjugation experiments with a frequency of 2.1 × 10–9–7.1 × 10–9. The genes int and dfrA1 (resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) were found in most V. cholerae strains, and were stably transmitted to E. coli QD Rif r cells and in reverse crosses of V. cholerae O1 El Tor 5879 Nalr .Conclusion. The detection of the SXT element in V. cholerae strains and its successful horizontal transfer emphasize the need to detect such mobile genetic elements to control the spread of antibiotic resistance in V. cholerae.
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