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A significant increase in the amount of pollution (including heavy metals) that enter the hydrosphere as a result of human activity, sanitary requirements that are imposed on the quality of water, lead to the search for effective ways and methods of its purification. Wastewater from many industrial plants contain heavy metal salts, including manganese compounds. The sorption of manganese (II) cations by a composite sorbent from model solutions under static conditions was studied, to determine the possibility of using this sorption material in wastewater treatment. The characteristics of the sorption capacity of the composite sorbent are determined. It was established that the static exchange capacity of the composite sorbent is 0.9 mg/g; distribution coefficient - 47.34 l/g; the degree of purification of the solution is 99.9%. The empirical sorption equations for the manganese (II) cation are found, the sorption isotherms are constructed. It is established that the sorption process is described by the Freundlich equation. Experiments have shown that the composite sorbent is effective in extracting manganese (II) from aqueous solutions. Experimental data suggest that the sorbent studied can be used to clean industrial wastewater from manganese compounds.

A study of the influence of refractories’ structure on the thermomechanical properties of the lining of the equipment of tunnel kilns has been carried out. The lining of kiln trolleys is subjected to a mechanical stress distributed evenly over the entire area and the most dangerous to brittle materials, as well as to tensile thermal stresses. The magnitude of the tensile thermal stress depends on the material and the structure of the lining. The mechanisms of destruction of products made of fireclay and liquid concrete have been studied. Mineralogical and petrographic analysis of fireclay refractories have been used, as trolley lining has established metasomatic interaction of the lining with the vapor-gas component of the kiln, as well as with the metal of the trolleys. Monolithic products, made of low-cement concrete with corundum filler, are characterized by high strength and resistance to abrasion. The total value of compression and thermal expansion stresses for them is 3.08 MPa, which is half the value of those of fireclay. When conducting the research to optimize the composition of trolley lining, a technology for manufacturing two-layer concrete blocks, combining the advantages of compositions, based on corundum and fireclay, has been developed. The chemical and granulometric composition of fireclay-based concrete in the lower thermal insulation layer and electrocorundum-based concrete in the upper reinforcing layer were selected in such a way, as to ensure similar values of linear thermal expansion coefficients and prevent possible destruction along the boundary between the layers during the operation.

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Изучен процесс сорбции катионов тяжёлых металлов синтезированным неорганическим композиционным сорбентом. При взаимодействии композиционного сорбента с ионами загрязнителей происходит сложный многостадийный процесс, результатом которого является включение загрязнителей в структуру сорбента с последующей минерализацией, поэтому обратный переход тяжёлых металлов в очищаемую среду невозможен без применения специальных технологий. Одновременно сорбент нейтрализует кислые промышленные стоки. Данные экспериментов показывают, что композиционный сорбент практически полностью поглощает из воды катионы тяжёлых металлов, снижая их концентрацию до нормативных значений. Результаты исследований подтвердили высокую эффективность композиционного сорбента при иммобилизации катионов тяжёлых металлов на загрязнённых объектах Карабашского промышленного района Уникальные свойства нового материала позволяют использовать его для реабилитации природных объектов. Ключевые слова: композиционный сорбент, активные наноцентры, поверхностные новообразования, иммобилизация катионов тяжелых металлов