The main properties of the electron Bemstein-Greene-Kruskal solitary waves (electron holes) a e investigated prescribing the model potential shapes. The analytical expressions for the trapped particles distributions and the width dependence on the amplitude are obtained following the classic BGK method. It is shown that in a stationary kinetic consideration there is no limitation on the hole Mach number. Such a limitation arises only from the conditions of the BGK wave stability. The temporal evolution of the electron holes is simulated using the obtained trapped particles distributions and some qualitative conclusions about their The trapped particles distributionFollowing the BGK scheme we look for a solution of the stationary Vlasov equation and Poisson's equation in onedimensional caSe

Observations of solitary structures in a magnetized, plasma loaded waveguide.

A consistent theory of plasma soliton interaction with resonant particles is developed. A simple derivation of a perturbed Korteweg–de Vries equation with the interaction term is presented. It is shown how the known limit cases (such as Ott–Sudan’s, etc.) can be derived from the general equations and what their regions of applicability are. Some effects caused by the soliton-particle interaction (amplitude change-rate, tail formation, etc.) are analyzed by means of a recently developed perturbation method. The analytical results are compared with a direct numerical integration of the perturbed Korteweg–de Vries equation. Laboratory measurements carried out in a strongly magnetized, plasma-filled waveguide and results from particle simulation are interpreted in terms of the analytical results.

range of 5 x 10 7 to 2x 10 8 cm" 3 , and assuming that the neutral-hydrogen gas velocity, v°, in the core of the plasma is in the range 0< V^K v (p /2 9 we arrive at 40 msec r Bi ~ 20-40 msec. Thus, charge exchange falls short of explaining the damping by a significant, but not large, factor. The other two processes, ripple damping and perpendicular viscosity, are much slower by comparison. A simple estimate gives confinement times 2X10 3 and 2.5 sec against these two processes, respectively, More detailed measurements of the radial profiles of the rotation-by utilizing lines of various ions with ionization potentials in the 600-1300-eV range-appears to be feasible by the Dopplershift method, Such measurements, especially when including the decay of the rotation after the end of the injection, or during intermittent injection, should allow quite detailed interpretation of the local plasma dynamics under various conditions*

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