The influence of the NO 3 -, SO 4 2-, HCO 3 -, and Acanions on the efficiency of the sorption of bivalent metals by sulfonic cation exchangers was studied. The main method was elution of the Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Co 2+ cations with individual solutions of the corresponding sodium salts and their mixed solutions with sodium nitrate from the Dowex-50 ion-exchange resin at fixed temperatures. The exchange efficiency is influenced both by neutral complexes of the metal cations mainly with inorganic acid ligands and by the single-charged species. The latter species affect the efficiency of the ion-exchange waste reprocessing considerably more strongly. An increase in the temperature of the solution being treated leads to a significant shift of the peak position toward larger retention volumes, which indicates that it is appropriate to perform the water treatment on sulfonic cation exchangers at elevated temperatures. The first formation constant of the single-charged cobalt dihydrogen phosphate complex species at an ionic strength of 0 M was obtained: log K 1 (CoH 2 PO 4 + ) = 1.36.

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The present research is aimed at solving an urgent practical problem – to minimize the volume of the radioactive waste from nuclear power plants in the place of their generation. The modernization of the complexes for handling water streams containing radionuclides seems to be the most acceptable solution. The systems developed in the 1960s for the chemical support of the safe operation of the reactor plant and the radioactively contaminated water processing no longer meet the established requirements, primarily in terms of the volume and quality of radioactive waste subject to “eternal” isolation. The search for a reasonable compromise between the amount of waste generated during the operation of systems to ensure the safe operation of nuclear power plants and the theoretically achievable volume of radioactive waste can be considered as the current agenda. The ratio between these indicators will shift as the material and technical base of the available materials and devices is steadily improving, the base itself has significantly expanded over the past time. In this regard, the most urgent is the change in methodological approaches to the organization of chemical technological systems of NPP. First of all, this refers to the advisability of abandoning universal systems in favor of specialized ones adapted to the chemical composition of the processed “raw material”. Separate collection of liquid radioactive waters basing on the principle of chemical composition similarity will allow to use low productivity systems. In this case, local systems can be used only once. The article presents some approaches to the organization of systems capable of providing a radical reduction in the intake of ballast salts in the composition of radioactive waste.

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