Late diagnosis of HIV remains a public health issue in Mexico. Most national programs target high-risk groups, not including women. More data on factors associated with late diagnosis and access to care in women are needed. In 2012-2013, Mexican women recently diagnosed with HIV were interviewed. Socio-cultural background, household-dynamics and clinical data were collected. Of 301 women, 49 % had <200 CD4 cells/mm, 8 % were illiterate, 31 % had only primary school. Physical/sexual violence was reported by 47/30 %; 75 % acquired HIV from their stable partners. Prenatal HIV screening was not offered in 61 %; 40 % attended consultation for HIV-related symptoms without being tested for HIV. Seeking medical care ≥3 times before diagnosis was associated with baseline CD4 <200 cells/mm (adjusted OR 3.74, 95 % CI 1.88-7.45, p < 0.001). There were missed opportunities during prenatal screening and when symptomatic women seeked medical care. Primary care needs to be improved and new strategies implemented for early diagnosis in women.

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BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common causes for antibiotic prescription. The use of clinical scoring models in predicting infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) may help select an adequate empiric treatment.MethodsThis retrospective case–control study included all urine cultures with E. coli from symptomatic patients 18 years of age or more admitted to Medica Sur Hospital from December 2014 to 2016. Cases were ESBL producing cultures and controls non-ESBL. Demographic and clinical information was drawn from electronic file. Sensitivities and specificities were performed at various cutoffs and area under the receiver curve (ROC AUC) was determined for each of the two models studied.ResultsA total of 171 cases and 294 controls were included. Table 1 displays the statistically significant variables associated with ESBL in a multivariate regression model. ROC AUC in Figure 1 was 0.691 for Tumbarello and 0.670 for Duke. With a 2-point cutoff, sensitivity for Tumbarello was 71% and specificity 61%, for Duke 58% and 75%, increasing cutoff to 4 points increases specificity to 87 and 93%, decreasing sensibility to 35 and 20%, respectively. Table 2 classifies by type of UTI, shows the percentage of adequate initial antibiotic for ESBL, and the number of cases predicted by each model. Tumbarello’s model predicts all cases, while Duke’s model predicts most cases of cystitis and pyelonephritis and all cases of complicated UTI and urosepsis.Figure 1Table 1Variableβ-Coefficient P Confidence Interval 95%Recent antibiotic therapy0.23<0.0010.16–0.35Diabetes mellitus0.17<0.0010.11–0.32Previous hospitalization0.16<0.0010.10–0.32Connective tissue disease0.110.0140.06–0.48Complicated UTI0.110.0170.02–0.19Table 2Type of UTI/Initial AntibioticESBL E. coliNon-ESBL E. coliTumbarelloDukeCystitis621188760Nitrofurantoin o fosfomycin10%5%Pyelonephritis771408971Carbapenem58%31%Complicated UTI899312689Carbapenem56%42%Urosepsis40406445Carbapenem65%78%ConclusionClinical scoring models have a high specificity identifying best non-ESBL infections, this aids in the choice of a more adequate empirical antibiotic for community-acquired UTI.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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