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Abstract

Natural fibers were given a lot of respect over synthetic ones in terms of sustainability. Application of natural fibers is superior to synthetics because they can be achieved cheaply and they have an environmental advantage. The usage time is usually shorter, often being fully or partially recyclable or biodegradable. There are wide varieties of natural fibers which can be reinforced to form composites and used for various applications. Combinatorial, or silicate, substances that can be made of a broad range of properties which is not derived a single resource. The reinforcement of fibers within the matrix becomes easy, only when the fibers are extracted from the plants, hence the extraction process is necessary in fiber reinforcement. There are various methods of fiber extraction, which include mechanical decortications, water retting process and manual extraction method. The extraction of fibers involves the retting process which is followed by the decortication process. From the above various methods, a suitable extraction method is selected based on the parts of the plant from which the fiber is to be extracted. Choice of extraction method governs the characteristics and properties of composites fabricated out of it. This review paper discusses the various methods of extraction and the feasibility of its application for various plants and fibers.

In this paper the effects of conventional Gas Tungsten Art Welding (GTAW) process with constant current and pulsed current and Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process on Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) copper which is used as bus bars and rotors in automotive industries are investigated. Autogenous welding was carried out on 4mm thick 99.9% pure ETP copper using GTAW process with constant and pulsed current. Another set of plates of size 300mm75mm4mm were welded using FSW process. The tensile strength, micro hardness and micro structure of the joints were studied. The studies indicated that FSW joints were having better strength and hardness than GTAW joints with constant current and pulsed current due to the formation of fire equalled grains.

The energy need is the only demand which wouldn’t have seen negative trend since the origin of this universe. Its requirement keeps demanding the usage of energy, during this urge people around globe working with many energy production techniques. Amongst most of them act as a resource including fossil fuel, coal and others are polluting vicinity to larger extend. The other alternative is renewable energy resources (RERs) which quite natural gift to the mankind owing to its vicinity aiding resource. The energy harvesting by utilising these RERs also have limitation that, can’t provide huge in quantity due to many reasons including seasonal, inadequate equipment, larger storage so on and so forth. The focus herein is that, by considering its limitations to which extend it can be utilised. It is obvious that production industries require enormous quantity of power, therein it may not be utilised as such. So, the house as well as small industries whose power requirement is minimum thereby this RERs can be effectively utilised. That is considered as a primary factor for consolidating of this survey in the form of various test cases.