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The Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) has a large repertoire of underwater vocalizations. Twelve underwater calls subdivided into 34 call types were classified based on differences in frequency range, duration, repetition rate, number per series, presence or absence of harmonics, auxiliary sound usage, and contour. The repertoire also contains nine dependent auxiliary sounds. In summary, this study standardizes the description and terminology for underwater vocalizations, reports source sound-pressure levels, and reviews usage differences by male and female seals.

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KREEGER, T. J., MONSON, D., KUECHLE, V. B., SEAL, U. S., and Tester, J. R. 1989. Monitoring heart rate and body temperature in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Can. J. Zoo!. 67: 2455 -2458. Twenty-four captive-raised red foxes were surgically implanted with radios that transmitted both heart rate and body temperature. Successive fox pairs were placed in a 4.1-ha observation pen for 2 weeks and behavior was video recorded. The radio signal was recorded on the audio portion of the video tape for computer decoding. Heart rate and body temperature were measured for six behavior categories: sleeping, awake, hunting, feeding, running, and being chased. The heart rate for each of these categories was significantly different from any other (P = 0.000 1). All body temperature categories were different from each other except for running and being chased (P = 0.0001). Both heart rate and body temperature increased with level of activity. The only significant difference in heart rate and body temperature between sexes was for the sleeping heart rate category, where females had higher values than males (P = 0.04). There was also a significant time of day effect showing that body temperature while awake was highest at night (P = 0.0005). Sleeping foxes displayed a pronounced sinus arrhythmia which disappeared when they became active. KREEGER, T. J., MONSON, D., KUECHLE, V. B., SEAL, U. S., et Tester, J. R. 1989. Monitoring heart rate and body temperature in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Can. J. Zool. 67 : 2455 -2458. Vingt-quatre Renards roux ClevCs en captivitk ont Ct C opCrCs afin de les munir d'Cmetteurs radios permettant d'enregistrer leur rythme cardiaque et leur tempCrature interne. Des paires de ces renards ont CtC placCes successivement dans une enceinte d'observation de 4 , l ha pour 2 semaines et leur comportement a CtC enregistrC sur vidCo. Le rythme cardiaque et la temperature ont Ct C mesurCs en relation avec six categories de comportement : sornmeil, Cveil, chasse, alimentation, course et fuite.Le rythme respiratoire s'est avCrC particulier h chacune de ces catCgories (P = 0,0001). La tempCrature interne diffCrait aussi selon chacune des categories, mais elle Ctait la meme lors de la course et lors de la fuite (P = 0,0001). Les deux variables augmentaient en fonction de l'intensitk de l'activite. Le sexe n'entrainait qu'une seule diffkrence significative : le rythme cardiaque durant le sornmeil Ctait plus ClevC chez les femelles que chez les miiles (P = 0,04). Le moment de la journke avait aussi une influence significative qui se manifestait par une augmentation de la tempCrature du corps la nuit au cours de 1'Cveil (P = 0,0005). Durant le sommeil, les renards manifestaient une arhythmie sinusale prononcCe qui disparaissait au moment oh ils reprenaient leurs activitks.[Traduit par la revue] IntroductionMethods Heart rate (HR) and body temperature (BT) are dynamic physiological indices that can be used to assess relative energy costs as well as the internal milieu of an animal (Kimmich 1980). Monitoring such indices via ra...

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