Background. This article reviews the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prostate cancer diagnosis. Methods. Systematic scan of Pubmed, Ovid, Medline, Elsevier search engines was used, additional information was found through bibliographic review of relevant articles. Results. Substantial progress has been made in the imaging of prostate cancer in MR imaging, as well as in advanced MR spectroscopy. Conclusions. MRI is a non-invasive and direct imaging modality useful for cancer staging, therapy response, detection of recurrence and guided biopsy in previous negative biopsies. MRI with 3.0 T system, whole-body MRI, dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) have improved tumor staging, assessment of tumor volume, aggressiveness or recurrence. Implementation of endorectal/phased array superficial MRI findings on 1.5 or 3.0 T systems into nomograms for prostate pretreatment prediction is warranted. Surface phasedarray coil MRI accurately defines prostate cancer with elevated risk of extraprostatic disease.

Objective of the study: the purpose of the research, based on the example of a specific clinical case, is to draw the attention of specialists to a specific approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the inguinal hernia with atypical contents. A rare, unpublished in the Slovak Republic, observation of the left-sided scrotum hernia with dual ureter herniation in combination with congenital kidney pathology in a 3-month-old boy is presented. The diagnosis was based on physical examination, ultrasound examination, radiography, scintigraphy, and urethrocystoscopy. This anomaly has been successfully corrected through several successive phases of the operation. Conclusion: the combination of scrotal hernia and congenital renal anomaly may indirectly indicate a possible hernia in the distal part of the ureter and requires a thorough examination, including additional imaging methods.

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