The design of the flow method of the construction of a multi-story residential building with stone walls and prefabricated reinforced concrete floor structures has its own features, namely, the presence of mechanized and non-mechanized (manual) processes, which implies a significant difference in the number of performers when coordinating flows among themselves. Taking into account the importance of ensuring the rhythmic execution of construction processes, the formation of the optimal numerical composition of the complex brigade is an urgent issue. As a result of the research, the complex process of building stone houses with prefabricated floors was divided into two streams: The first stream - assembly, transport and auxiliary processes: the first tier - delivery of pallets with bricks, delivery of boxes with construction mortar, monotonization of the gaps between the slabs; the second tier – installation of scaffolding, delivery of pallets with bricks, delivery of boxes with construction mortar, installation of the intermediate staircase and the first flight of stairs; the third tier – raising scaffolding, supplying pallets with bricks, supplying boxes with construction solution, dismantling scaffolding, installing floor slabs and the second flight of stairs; The second flow is the masonry of stone structures of the first, second and third tiers. As a result of the conducted research, the theoretical dependence of the numerical composition of the complex brigade on the volume of work on the fence, the norms of labor costs and the conditions of performance of the work were established. At the same time, the limitations of the minimum numerical composition of the link were taken into account, with the condition of its ability to perform the most complex process from the components of the flow, which determines the need for the largest number of performers. Also, restrictions on the maximum number of performers are taken into account, provided that each performer is provided with a sufficient front of work to perform it during the shift, and restrictions on the workload of performers depending on the accepted number of construction machines. The obtained results make it possible to optimize the technological design process.
The article is devoted to the experimental determination of technological properties of concrete mixtures in the conditions of reconstruction of buildings and structures. The technology of construction works under erection and reconstruction largely depends on the properties of the main building materials, the peculiarities of the environment and also on the technological processes. Today, monolithic–frame construction technology is quite common, so the condition of high–quality performance of works is to determine and effectively use the properties of the concrete mixture, taking into account the methods and modes of technological processes. The relevance of doing inspections of buildings and structures in order to assess their technical condition, both in terms of operation and in terms of reconstruction or modernization was also emphasized. The purpose of work was development of a method of definition of properties of building structure during reconstruction of buildings and constructions and also algorithm of selection of a set of the experimental equipment was established. The analysis of modern methods for determining the properties of building materials and structures and analog–digital information processing devices to establish a real physical picture of changes in the stress–strain state of building structures in terms of reconstruction has been done. The method of determining the main properties of building structures using the theory of planning experiments was given. The scheme of installation of sensors and algorithm of data recording and processing of research results were given. Recommendations of using the main types of sensors and recording equipment to determine the stresses and strains that occur in building structures under operating conditions were given. Recommendations for the creation of research complexes in accordance to objectives and technological requirements were given. The main characteristics of monitoring the technical condition of building structures for the assessment and prediction of deformation processes in real time in order to minimize deviations of system parameters from operational values have been determined.
It is known that soils in a limited space are compacted by specialized means: hand rammers, small equipment (vibrating plates, remote control minikots), and attachments for excavators (vibrating rammers, vibrating plates, inertial rammers, ramming nozzles, etc. guides). High-quality soil compaction also involves avoiding damage to utilities, building structures, protective and insulating layers on structures and individual structures. It is established that for each compactor based on its power and method of control there is a limit of a certain distance where the soil is compacted with care and restriction, which is called the protective layer of soil.Expert assessment of existing practices of soil compaction during backfilling in the sinuses of ditches shows the difficulty of forming the optimal set of sealing means due to the large number of circumstances related to soil characteristics, geometry of the earth structure, technical characteristics of the means.In this regard, the method of forming such a set is developed, which consists of two stages: the first - the choice of compaction tools on technical grounds, the second - the formation of the optimal set of soil compaction tools from the first stage on economic grounds. This paper considers the first stage of the methodology, which in turn requires a consistent solution of a number of problems.The first - the design of the earth structure on the principle of laying the minimum required geometric parameters or preparation of initial data on the existing project. The second - the formation of an array of data on the principle of increasing the width of the working body of the tool based on the analysis of the existing fleet of soil compaction tools.Third - based on the principle of rational use of resources, limit the number of tools in the set to 3, and divide the vertical cross section of the sinus of the pit into three typical zones. Fourth - automated selection of soil compaction based on the principle of comparing the width of the working body with the width of the typical zone and taking into account the protective layer of soil.
The article is devoted to design of technological process of concreting the vertical structures of a monolithic building. The technology of construction the reinforced concrete structures today is widespread. A necessary condition for design of technological process of building construction is the use of information computer-aided design technology. The use of software allows you to solve more effectively a number of problems in design of technological processes of building construction, namely: variant design, search for optimal solutions, forecasting. The urgency of determining the rational parameters of the multivariate technological process of building constructions and structures by use of software of technological design was emphasized. Determination of the rational number of workers and scaffolding in the concreting of vertical monolithic structures of building by comparing such criteria as cost of construction and its complexity has been performed. The scheme of working area and construction-technological analysis of basic parameters of the monolithic building has been given. Modern Fortran software has been used to calculate the parameters of multivariate technological problems. The mathematical equations for calculation of the basic technological parameters of construction process of a monolithic building has been given. An algorithm for performing calculations has been developed. A program has been developed to determine the general characteristics of the concreting process (volume of monolithic works, time of concreting elements, cost and labor intensity, number of units and number of workers). Analyze of technological parameters and the choice on their basis the rational technological solutions for construction work has been performed by using of Microsoft Excel graphs. According to the results of research, a rational number of workers and scaffolding for concreting vertical monolithic structures of building has been determined by comparing such criteria as cost of construction and complexity.
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