Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal lymphoma are intestinal disorders in dogs, both causing similar chronic digestive signs, although with a different prognosis and different treatment requirements. Differentiation between these 2 conditions is based on histopathologic evaluation of intestinal biopsies. However, an accurate diagnosis is often difficult based on histology alone, especially when only endoscopic biopsies are available to differentiate IBD from enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) type 2, a small cell lymphoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of histopathology; immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD3, CD20, and Ki-67; and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangement (T-cell clonality) in the differential diagnosis of severe IBD vs intestinal lymphoma. Endoscopic biopsies from 32 dogs with severe IBD or intestinal lymphoma were evaluated. The original diagnosis was based on microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections alone followed by a second evaluation using morphology in association with IHC for CD3 and CD20 and a third evaluation using PCR for clonality. Our results show that, in contrast to feline intestinal lymphomas, 6 of 8 canine small intestinal lymphomas were EATL type 1 (large cell) lymphomas. EATL type 2 was uncommon. Regardless, in dogs, intraepithelial lymphocytes were not an important diagnostic feature to differentiate IBD from EATL as confirmed by PCR. EATL type 1 had a significantly higher Ki-67 index than did EATL type 2 or IBD cases. Based on the results of this study, a stepwise diagnostic approach using histology as the first step, followed by immunophenotyping and determining the Ki67 index and finally PCR for clonality, improves the accuracy of distinguishing intestinal lymphoma from IBD in dogs.

Immunohistochemical staining for cell cycle proteins and heat shock proteins was performed on 17 canine gastric carcinomas. The immunoexpression of p53, p21, p16, Hsp27, and Hsp70 was investigated. A study was conducted to determine the histological type and parameters related to tumor malignancy. Possible associations and trends were assessed between the immunoexpression of each protein and tumor type as well as specific parameters of malignancy. High intratumor frequency of cellular p53 immunostaining was observed (61.96% average), but lower frequencies of p21 and p16 expression were present (34.65% and 10.41%, respectively). The p53 overexpression was associated with tumor infiltration (P ¼ .0258). Expression of p21 was lower in undifferentiated carcinomas, and the loss of expression was associated with histopathological parameters characteristic of a poor prognosis such as lymphatic vessel invasion (P ¼ .0258). The lack of p16 immunoreactivity was related to histopathological characteristics of malignancy such as the presence of evident and multiple nucleoli (P ¼ .0475). In contrast, deep tumor infiltration was observed in those carcinomas with a high p16 index (P ¼ .0475). Hsp70 appeared to be overexpressed in all gastric neoplasms included in this study. This is in contrast to Hsp27, because a group of tumors showed complete lack of Hsp27 immunoexpression, whereas the others displayed extensive Hsp27 immunostaining. The differences in Hsp27 did not correlate with any of the histopathological parameters, but Hsp27 immunoexpression was higher in the undifferentiated carcinoma. No significant differences in the expression of the proteins were found in canine gastric carcinomas according to their histological type. These findings may be useful for establishing a prognosis for canine gastric carcinoma.

ABSTRACT:In human medicine, the association between intussusceptions and inflammatory bowel disease is well known, even if referred to only in case reports or a small series of patients. The exact cause of intussusceptions, in general, is unknown; however, any lesion in the bowel wall or irritant in the lumen that alters the normal peristaltic pattern may initiate invagination. In Crohn's disease the lead point may be dysrhytmic contractions secondary to the on-going inflammatory process of a thickened, inflamed segment of bowel wall. In veterinary medicine, the information available related to the association of intussusceptions and inflammatory bowel disease is limited. The present study is the first reported case of a dog in which ileocolic intussusception and histiocytic ulcerative colitis appear to be associated. Moreover, this is also the first description of the involvement of the caecum in canine histiocytic ulcerative colitis. Herein, we document a condition previously reported in humans with inflammatory bowel disease, and we believe that this work contributes to identifying the similarities between human and canine inflammatory bowel disease.

RESUMENLos anestésicos locales como la bupivacaína se utilizan ampliamente en la clínica, sin embargo una inyección intravascular accidental ocasiona toxicidad cardiovascular de difícil resucitación. Esta cardiotoxicidad induce alteraciones electrocardiográficas intensas, típicamente en el intervalo QRS. Nuestro objetivo fue desarrollar un modelo de intoxicación no letal por bupivacaína y correlacionar los niveles del tóxico con el intervalo QRS como marcador de intoxicación. Se estudiaron 14 cerdos, que tras la anestesia e instrumentalización recibieron bupivacaína: 4 mg/kg Se realizaron determinaciones seriadas de bupivacaína que se correlacionaron con cambios en el QRS. Los resultados mostraron una prolongación máxima del 159% en el QRS que se relacionó con los niveles de bupivacaína (P=0,017).Concluimos que nuestro modelo ha mostrado que el ensanchamiento del intervalo QRS se ha correlacionado con los niveles de bupivacaína. Este parámetro puede ser un marcador clínico para la valoración de una intoxicación accidental grave por bupivacaína.

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