Херсонський державний аграрно-економічний університет С. В. КОКОВІХІН, доктор сільськогосподарських наук Інститут зрошуваного землеробства НААН В. О. ЧАБАН, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук Херсонська державна морська академія С. О. ЛАВРЕНКО, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук А. В. ШЕПЕЛЬ, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук Херсонський державний аграрно-економічний університет У статті проаналізовані багаторічні експериментальні дані ефективності багаторічного вирощування шавлії лікарської та вплив агротехнічних приймів вирощування на водно-фізичні властивості темнокаштанового залишково-солонцюватого ґрунту. Рівень урожайності суцвіть шавлії мускатної під час збору був стабільним упродовж трьох років використання. У середньому в перший рік вона складала -9,51, за другий рік -9,38, третій -9,69 т/га. На четвертому році використання посівів (п'ятий рік життя) середня врожайність знизилася до 1,40 т/га. Найвищий умовний збір ефірної олії -51,1 кг/га забезпечило внесення мінеральних добрив нормою N 60 P 90 . Скошування суцвіть культури доцільно проводити або у ранішні (з 6 до 11) або в вечірні години (з 19 до 22). Вдень (з 11 до 19 години) скошування суцвіть культури не проводити. Ключові слова: шавлія мускатна, обробіток ґрунту, строк сівби, ширина міжряддя, мінеральні добрива, водопроникність ґрунту, урожайність, олія. Постановка проблеми. Однією з причин, яка не дає стрімкого розвитку виробництва лікарських трав -це глобальні кліматичні зміни, дефіцит водних ресурсів та зростання вартості енергоресурсів [2]. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. За даними NASA у 2016-2019 рр. температура поверхні Землі сягнула максимальних показників з часу yield decreased to 1,40 t/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers contributed to the increase of essential oil synthesized by plants. Against the natural background of fertility, the highest conditional harvest was 5,05 kg/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers by the N 60 P 30 norm led to an increase in the rate to 14,45 kg/ha. The highest conditional harvest of essential oil -51,1 kg/ha provided the application of mineral fertilizers by the rate of N 60 P 90 . It is advisable to mow the inflorescences of the culture either in the morning (from 6 to 11) or in the evening (from 19 to 22). In the afternoon (from 11 to 19 oclock) mowing of inflorescences of culture not to spend.

In the article technological methods energy and economic evaluation of growing sage in southern steppe of Ukraine conditions have been analysed. The economists’ views on the raw medicinal herbs under drip irrigation formation of efficient production have been considered. The analysis of previous agronomic studies on the cultivation of crops under drip irrigation has allowed us to conclude that there are no such results on the plantations of Salvia sclarea. The yield level of Salvia sclarea inflorescences was stable during the first three years of using, on the average in the first year it was 9.51 t/ha, in the second year it was 9.38 t/ha, in the third year it was 9.69 t/ha. Only in the fourth year of crops using (the fifth year of life) the yield was decreasing sharply. On the basis of yield data, the calculation and analysis of such indicators as energy efficiency, energy intensity of growing 1 kg of inflorescences and the conditional net profit when growing sage in drip irrigation in southern Ukraine. The maximum values of energy efficiency ratio were obtained in the first year of using and sowing in the first decade of December against the background of N60P90 - 3,25 application. When the crops sowing was postponed to the first decade of April, this indicator decreased twice to 1.59. In our experiment the minimum values of energy ratio of Salvia sclarea growing technology were obtained in the fourth year of plantation using. The classical indicators which reflect the economic and energy efficiency level of inflorescences of nutmeg production at long-term use of a culture plantation culture have been analysed. The analysis of the factors which influence for efficiency change of cultivation of culture was carried out. The mechanism of efficiency increase of cultivation of sage nutmeg in the conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine has been offered.

The results of experimental research performed in 2011–2018 with clary sage on the lands of Private Enterprise “Dodola” of Beryslavskyi District in Kherson Region are presented. The soil of the experimental plot is dark chestnut, slightly solonetzic, medium loamy. The content of humus in the arable layer of the soil (0–25 cm) is 2.27%, total nitrogen 0.185%, phosphorus – 0.099%, metabolic potassium – 343 mg/kg. The research scheme included factors and their variants. In particular, the background of nutrition – without fertilizers, N60P30, N60P60, N60P90; depth of the tillage primary (base) – plowing to a depth of 20–22 cm and 28–30 cm; sowing times – the first decade of December, the second and third decades of March, the first decade of April; row spacing – 45 and 70 cm. Establishing of field experiment was performed by method of splitting plots. The level of yielding capacity of clary sage was stable for three years against the background of nutrition N60P90. On average, in the first year it was – 9.51, in the second year – 9.38, in the third year – 9.69 t/ha. The share of factors influencing the formation of productivity of clary sage inflorescences of the third year of use was 30.4% against the background of nutrition, for sowing – 43.9, row width – 5.3 and depth of tillage primary – 2.1% of the total yield. In the fourth year of sowing usage, the yielding capacity of inflorescences decreased sharply: to 0.82–2.16 t/ha on the background of plowing to a depth of 20–22 cm and 0.80–2.16 t/ha on the background of plowing to a depth of 28–30 cm. One of the main reasons can be declared the aging of the assimilation apparatus of plants and the disappearance of plants in the sown area. According to the obtained calculations, the highest indices of conditional net profit(500.0 thousand UAH/ha) and the level of profitability (322.5%) were registered on the variants of the experiment, where plowing was performed to a depth of 20–22 cm, mineral fertilizers N60P90 and clary sage sowing was performed in the first time with a row spacing of 45 cm. The most profitable was the second year of usage of clary sage. During this period, the conditional net profit ranged from 132.0 to 508.3 thousand UAH/ha. To maximize the natural and material potential of farms of various forms of ownership in the southern part of Ukraine it is advisable to grow clary sage, capable of drip irrigation, application of mineral fertilizers N60P90, sowing with a row spacing of 45 cm for 3 years of use to form yielding capacity of inflorescence at level 9.5–15.0 t/ha.

The aim. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of growing musk sage in Ukraine, the use of medicinal plant raw materials of guaranteed quality, as well as the principles and rules of good practice for the production of herbal medicines in accordance with GMP requirements, which highlight the requirements of standardization for medicinal plant raw materials and basic indicators of their quality. Material and methods of research. The rates of mineral fertilizer application under the plow are determined and the basic tillage of the soil is carried out at a depth of 20–22 and 28–30 cm. The determination of the sowing dates of muscat sage, the width of its rows, the terms of harvesting raw materials has been determined. To maintain moisture in the soil during the responsible period of development of plants, we conducted research on the use of Radchenko harrow with breeding segments from the scythe of the unit ZhVN-6, which well weed out weeds from the soil and retained moisture in the soil at 75 % N.V. Results of researches. The conducted researches have established that products of photosynthesis in Muscat sage are deposited in the root roots, in which up to 35 % of sugars are accumulated in the winter, mainly in the form of sucrose. If during the passage of the first phase of tempering (October) in the rod root there are slight changes in the content of sucrose, then with a decrease in air temperature to minus 8–10 °C, there is a sharp increase in the content of sucrose. So, if in October in the root roots contained 16,55 sucrose, then in January – 28,19. In February, the amount of sucrose is reduced to 22.58. At this time, the content of monosaccharides falls to 1.40 versus 12.75 % – in October. In the usual cultivation of the cultivator KRN-4.2, the acclimativeness of the weed plants was up to 40, when applied technology with Radchenko harrows up to 15 %. Discussion. Yes, E. Tkacheva notes that this depends not only on the request of the companies-purchasers, but also on the term of storage of raw materials. The point is that the way of use of medicinal plants depends on the characteristics of biologically active substances that are contained in plants. The content of biologically active substances in plants and in their various organs is inconsistent, depending on the conditions of the place of cultivation, time of day, weather conditions and a number of other factors that are no less important. Conclusions. Thus, for the first time in the conditions of irrigation of the south of Ukraine during the three years of sowing, agronomic techniques for growing muscat sultana, norms for introducing mineral fertilizers for basic tillage, plowing depths, seedlings, and their aftermath to form the phenological phases of plant development were studied at different years of life on the yield of raw materials, and the content of essential oil in it. Key words: Muscat sage, depth of plowing, dates of sowing, fertilization, row spacing, harvesting terms.

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