The original article presents the results of a study in which 12 patients with DM type 2 received 14-day therapy with an industrial probiotic (E. faecium L3 strains) or autoprobiotic (patient's own E. faecium). Therapy with the industrial probiotic and autoprobiotic had approximately the same effect on the severity of gastroenterological complaints and the quantitative/qualitative characteristics of the intestinal microbiota. In the group of E. faecium autostrain, there was a significant decrease of C-reactive protein.

A retrospective analysis of 73 case histories of COVID‑19 patients were made to study the potential relationship between obesity, liver damage and COVID‑19. The average BMI of the study participants was 30.8 ± 5.8 kg/m2, waist circumference 103.5 ± 13.5 cm, 77 % of patients had abdominal obesity, 71 % of patients had cytolytic syndrome. There was not link between the presence of obesity and the level of transaminases. The degree of transaminases increase depended on the severity of COVID‑19 (level of ferritin, CRP, and oxygen saturation of the blood) and wasn't connected with BMI, waist circumference, and the presence of type 2 diabetes.

This original article discusses the main concomitant diseases and psychological problems of patients with morbid obesity seeking help from bariatric (metabolic) surgeons. The study was conducted on the basis of St. Petersburg State Medical University n. a. I. P. Pavlov, it was the most voluminous laboratory-instrumental and psychological examination, on the basis of which a peculiar portrait of a Russian patient with morbid obesity was compiled. Gastroenterological symptoms were predominant in patients with morbid obesity. Heartburn was the most common complaint. Non-erosive reflux disease was diagnosed in 35.0 % of patients, erosive esophagitis in 20.5 %, hiatal hernia of the 1st degree in 41.2 %, of the 2nd degree in 32.3 % of patients.

The review article is about the mechanisms of comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome and obesity. Special attention is paid to the genetic, hormonal mechanisms of comorbidity, the role of anxiety and depressive disorders, the influence of microbiota. Studying the mechanisms of comorbidity may be appropriate in terms of a more detailed study of the pathophysiology and optimization of the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and obesity and obesity.

The article describes the results of a clinical observational study of patients with cholelithiasis after cholecystectomy. The article is about the metabolic disorders in patients with gallstone disease, the mechanisms of development of functional and metabolic disorders after cholecystectomy. Particular attention is paid to the genetic, hormonal mechanisms, the role of microbiota and bile acids.